| Since the late 1970s,the continuous loss of Total Column Ozone（TCO）over Antarctica in the austral spring（September-November）has become a focus of attention,but the Antarctic TCO gradually begins to recover in the early 21st century,and a large number of studies have pointed out that the recovery of Antarctic TCO is most significant in austral early spring（September）.The interannual variation of Antarctic ozone is mainly influenced by stratospheric circulation and planetary waves.Based on the Bodeker Scientific Filled Total Column Ozone（BS–TCO）and ERA5 stratospheric circulation datasets in recent 41 years（1979-2019）,the variation characteristics of Antarctic TCO and stratospheric circulation during the early 21st century（2000-2019）and the late 20th century（1979-1999）in austral early spring are analyzed by statistical analysis.On this basis,the relationship between stratospheric circulation anomaly and TCO and the dynamic effect of planetary waves on the variation of TCO are discussed during the two periods.Finally,two years of typical anomalous larger TCO（2019 and 1988）and one year of typical anomalous smaller TCO（2018）are selected to verify the relationship between the TCO and stratospheric circulation,as well as the dynamic effect of planetary waves on the variation of TCO.The results are as follows:（1）The Antarctic TCO experiences a process from significant depletion to gradual recovery around 2000,and the recovery of TCO is more significant in September.TCO decreases significantly at a rate of 48.4 Du·（10a）-1 before 2000 and increases significantly at a rate of 22.2 Du·（10a）-1 after 2000 in September.（2）The polar temperature in the lower and middle stratosphere,polar geopotential height and the zonal-mean zonal wind in the middle and upper stratosphere,and polar stratospheric clouds（PSC）area,which are significantly related to TCO,also have corresponding changes.The polar temperature in the lower and middle stratosphere experiences a process of first cooling and then warming,and the polar geopotential height in the middle and upper stratosphere experiences a process of first weakening and then strengthening around 2000.The zonal wind in the middle and upper stratosphere first accelerates and then decelerates,and the PSC area first increases and then decreases before and after 2000.（3）During the whole period,TCO and the temperature in the lower and middle stratosphere,as well as the geopotential height in the middle and upper stratosphere（PSC area and the zonal wind in the middle and upper stratosphere）maintain a significant and stable positive（negative）relationship.However,in the recovery period,the relationships between TCO and the above mentioned stratospheric circulation elements are more notable and the interannual variability of each element is stronger,and the correlations of TCO lagging behind the temperature and polar vortex are stronger.Combined with the increasing rate of temperature and the polar vortex and the lead-lag correlations in the year of typical anomalous larger and smaller TCO,the changes in temperature and polar vortex are ahead of the changes in TCO.（4）Compared with the depletion period,the stronger planetary wave 1 and baroclinic perturbation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere,results in a stronger Eliassen-Palm（EP）flux in the stratosphere during the recovery period.Stronger EP flux corresponds to EP flux convergence,larger negative eddy heat flux,and positive eddy momentum flux in the middle and upper stratosphere.It warms the temperature in the lower and middle stratosphere,weakens the polar vortex in the middle and upper stratosphere,and diminishes the PSC area,being conducive to the TCO recovery.（5）There is a significant and close correlation between the TCO and the stratospheric circulation elements in the three years of typical anomalous larger and smaller TCO,and it is modulated by the dynamic influence of planetary waves.More upward（downward）EP flux in the stratosphere,corresponds to EP flux convergence（divergence）,accompanied by the negative（positive）anomaly of eddy heat flux and eddy momentum flux.It results in the positive（negative）anomaly of temperature in the middle and lower stratosphere,the negative（positive）anomaly of zonal wind in the middle and upper stratosphere,and the smaller（larger）area of PSC,corresponding to the anomalous larger（smaller）TCO. |
