Design Of Multi-parameter High-altitude Meteorological Detection Syste

High-altitude atmospheric detection technology plays an extremely important role in revealing atmospheric structure,promoting atmospheric science theories,and preventing natural disasters.Meteorological sensors provide raw measurement data,playing an indispensable role in applications such as climate change prediction and numerical weather forecasting.A high-altitude atmospheric detection system has been designed,capable of measuring temperature,relative humidity,and cloud water content.To reduce the temperature measurement error caused by solar radiation for radiosonde temperature sensors,a thermocouple temperature sensor was designed with a platinum resistance placed inside a silver spherical shell for cold-end compensation.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)was employed for heat transfer analysis,studying the relationship between radiation error,altitude,and wind speed.A genetic algorithm-optimized Extreme Learning Machine was used to fit the radiation error,showing high fitting accuracy.To address the measurement error caused by water condensation on the surface of radiosonde humidity sensors,a dual-heating humidity sensor was designed,with a long strip-shaped probe and two humidity sensors alternately performing heating and measuring tasks.Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were used to calculate heating,cooling,and measurement times,investigating their relationship with altitude and wind speed.Aiming at the problems of high power consumption and low accuracy of traditional cloud water content sensors,a cloud water content sensor based on the hot-wire method was designed,using a ring-shaped heating plate and a micro-platinum resistor’s unique structure to ensure uniform heat transfer.Through formula derivation and thermodynamic simulation,the feasibility of the sensor design was verified,and the relationship between cloud water content and heating power was obtained.An expert PID algorithm was adopted to make the sensor’s temperature control process more stable.To ensure sensor performance,an STM32-based data acquisition system was designed,and a low-pressure wind tunnel experimental platform simulating a high-altitude environment was built.The experimental results show that the average error between the solar radiation error of the thermocouple temperature sensor and the algorithm-corrected value is 0.051 K,and the root mean square error is 0.052 K,indicating that the thermocouple temperature sensor effectively reduces solar radiation error after correction.The average error between the experimental and simulated heating times of the dual-heating humidity sensor is 0.032 s,and the root mean square error is 0.035 s,while the average error between the experimental and simulated cooling times is 0.31 s,and the root mean square error is 0.34 s.The average humidity measurement error is 5.8% RH,and the root mean square error is 6.08% RH.The measurement error of the cloud water content sensor is within 16%,which is better than traditional sensors and meets the design requirements.