Study On The Effect Of Adding Anti-evaporation Agent On Soil And Vegetation Of Typical Grassland

Soil moisture is one of the important factors to maintain the growth of vegetation and the stability of ecological environment in arid and semi-arid areas.In typical grassland areas,precipitation is scarce,evaporation is vigorous,soil water and fertilizer retention capacity is poor,and vegetation growth is limited.In order to reduce soil evaporation and increase soil moisture and nutrients in this type of area,this study uses water retention agent（PAM）,binder（MS）,organic fertilizer（OF）,and fly ash（FA）as raw materials to develop Soil Anti-Evaporation Agent,which is referred to as Anti-Evaporation Agent.Using four factors and three levels of orthogonal test method,nine groups of anti-steaming agents with different proportions were obtained.Through field experiments,the different effects of anti-steaming agents on soil and vegetation in typical grassland areas were explored.Finally,the comprehensive performance of different proportions of Anti-Evaporation Agents was evaluated by principal component analysis,and the best ratio was obtained.This study has important scientific significance and practical value for increasing soil moisture,promoting vegetation restoration and realizing regional sustainable development in arid and semi-arid areas.The main conclusions are as follows:（1）The inhibition effect of Anti-Evaporation Agent on evaporation of different soil layers is different,which is shown as the inhibition effect on 10-20cm soil layer is better than that on 0-10cm soil layer.In the 0-10cm soil layer,the cumulative evaporation capacity of treatment two（P₁M₂O₂F₂）,eight（P₃M₂O₁F₃）,and four（P₂M₁O₂F₃）decreased by 26.95%,17.45%,and 2.58%,respectively,compared to the control.The cumulative evaporation capacity of the other treatments were higher than the control,with treatment five（P₂M₂O₃F₁）and one（P₁M₁O₁F₁）having the highest values,which were 76.16%and 72.89%higher than the control,respectively.In a soil layer of 10-20cm,all treatments had inhibitory effects on cumulative evaporation.Compared with the control,treatment nine（P₃M₃O₂F₁）and six（P₂M₃O₁F₂）had the most inhibitory effects on cumulative evaporation,which were lower than 47.16%and 44.83%of the control,respectively.Treatment seven（P₃M₁O₃F₂）had the lowest inhibitory effect on evaporation,which was 9.95%lower than the control.（2）Anti-vaporizing agents have different effects on improving soil physical properties in different soil layers,which are shown as decreasing of soil bulk density and increasing of water content and water holding capacity in the 0-10cm soil layer,and decreassing of soil bulk density and increasing of water content in the 10-20cm soil layer.In the 0-10cm soil layer,compared with the control,the soil bulk density decreased 2.86%-9.63%,the water content increased 0.80%-12.71%,and the saturation,field and capillary water capacity increased 1.94%-17.80%,2.73%-15.07%and 0.03%-12.17%,respectively,which were the best for treatment 1（P₁M₁O₁F₁）and 6（P₂M₃O₁F₂）to improve the effect;In 10-20 cm soil layer,compared with the control,the unit weight decreased by 0.07%-2.40%,and the water content increased by 0.35%-7.68%.Treatment 6（P₂M₃O₁F₂）reduced the unit weight by2.40%,and treatment 5（P₂M₂O₃F₁）increased the water content by 7.68%.（3）Anti-Evaporation Agents have a significant impact on the nutrient components in different soil layers,with the exception of available potassium,the improvement effects of other nutrients and p H are shown to be 0-10cm higher than 10-20cm.In 0-10cm soil layer,the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium increased the most under treatment six（P₂M₃O₁F₂）and three（P₁M₃O₃F₃）,respectively,11.85%and 16.28%higher than the control;The content of available phosphorus and organic matter increased most under treatment five（P₂M₂O₃F₁）,which was 351.49%and 17.98%higher than the control;The p H increased most under treatment 2（P₁M₂O₂F₂）application,which was 16.56%higher than the control.In the 10-20cm soil layer,both alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium increased most under the application of treatment eight（P₃M₂O₁F₃）,which was14.46%and 26.81%higher than the control;Available phosphorus,organic matter,and p H were significantly increased under treatments three（P₁M₃O₃F₃）,two（P₁M₂O₂F₂）,and seven（P₃M₁O₃F₂）,respectively,which were 2.78%,0.05%,and 9.57%higher than the control.（4）Anti-Evaporation Agents can promote the aboveground biomass of plant community,and there is significant difference in the effect of different treatments on density,but there is no significant difference in the effect on height.Treatment eight（P₃M₂O₁F₃）increased the aboveground biomass most,and treatment seven（P₃M₁O₃F₂）increased the aboveground biomass least,which was 14.89%and 0.59%higher than the control,respectively;The density of treatment six（P₂M₃O₁F₂）was significantly higher than that of control 56.04%,while the density of treatment five（P₂M₂O₃F₁）,two（P₁M₂O₂F₂）and four（P₂M₁O₂F₃）was higher than that of control 14.76%,14.29%and 5.83%,but there was no significant difference.Except for treatment eight（P₃M₂O₁F₃）,which decreased the community height by0.29%,other treatments increased the community height to varying degrees.Treatment five（P₂M₂O₃F₁）increased the community height the most,which was 17.90%higher than the control.（5）The effect of Anti-Evaporation Agents on the biodiversity of plant communities is complex,and different treatments will produce different results.Treatment three（P₁M₃O₃F₃）and seven（P₃M₁O₃F₂）increased the community diversity index by 0.75%and 2.14%,and increased the evenness index by 0.39%and 4.74%;Treatment three（P₁M₃O₃F₃）increased the abundance index by 0.39%.The other treatments all decreased the three indices,and treatment eight（P₃M₂O₁F₃）decreased the abundance index most,which was 20.08%lower than the control;Treatment six（P₂M₃O₁F₂）reduced the diversity index and evenness index most,respectively 10.55%and 5.14%lower than the control.（6）Based on principal component analysis,treatment five（P₂M₂O₃F₁）was the best for improving the ecological benefits of soil-vegetation.Comprehensive performance scores of nine different treatment groups of anti steaming agents,from high to low,treatment five（P₂M₂O₃F₁）,treatment six（P₂M₃O₁F₂）,treatment eight（P₃M₂O₁F₃）,treatment one（P₁M₁O₁F₁）,treatment two（P₁M₂O₂F₂）,treatment seven（P₃M₁O₃F₂）,treatment four（P₂M₁O₂F₃）,treatment three（P₁M₃O₃F₃）and treatment nine（P₃M₃O₂F₁）,which were higher than the CK of the control group,in which the application of treatment five（P₂M₂O₃F₁）,the application of treatment five（P₂M₂O₃F₁）,which is composed of water retaining agent12g·m^-2,binder 15g·m^-2,organic fertilizer 180g·m^-2and fly ash 750g·m^-2,has the best comprehensive improvement effect on soil and vegetation in typical grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions.