Research Based On Rydberg Atomic Electric Field Measurement

With the increasing demand for the accuracy of electric field measurement,traditional electric field measurement techniques reach the bottleneck of accuracy.Therefore,Finding a more accurate new electric field measurement technology becomes increasingly important.The electric field measurement technology based on Rydberg atoms is a new type of measurement technology developed in this background.This new measurement technology can be traced back to international measurement standards,thus enabling self calibration measurement.A variety of electric field measurements of Rydberg atoms by using and improving the related theory of Rydberg Atomic electric field measurement are studied in this thesis.The main work of this thesis is as follows:1、In this thesis,the interaction between light and matter is described by semiclassical theory,and the approximate conditions of this theory are discussed.Secondly,the density matrix and Liouville equation are derived.Then,the physical process and significance of the interaction between a traveling wave and a two-level atom in motion are analyzed.Finally,The classical electromagnetic field is discretized,the Maxwell equation of the traditional classical field theory is transformed into a vector operator,and the interaction between the electromagnetic field and a two-level atom is studied.An important theoretical basis for the following experimental part is provided by the results of the theoretical analysis.2、In this thesis,the influence of the two-level atomic structure on the incident light is calculated by using the density matrix theory and Liouville equation.The calculation results show that it has a strong absorption effect on the incident light intensity.Secondly,The three-level atomic structure is discussed.the probe light and the couple light act reversely on the Rydberg cesium atomic gas pool at the same time.The calculation results show that the three-level atomic structure weakens the absorption of incident light intensity,and instead,the three-level atomic structure exhibits electromagnetic induced transparency.Finally,a single-frequency microwave field,an amplitude-modulated microwave field,a local oscillator microwave field,and a single-frequency microwave field(heterodyne structure)are respectively emitted to the three-level Rydberg atom.The numerical results show that for a single-frequency microwave field,the transmission intensity spectrum of the probe light gradually splits as the amplitude of the microwave field increases,and the splitting spacing has a positive correlation with the microwave field.For the amplitude-modulated microwave field,the transmission intensity spectrum of the probe light is a non-standard sine wave,and its frequency and amplitude have a certain relationship with the frequency and amplitude of the baseband signal.For the atomic heterodyne structure,the frequency of the microwave field can be extracted,and the measurement sensitivity is further improved.3、Firstly,the structure and performance of the experimental device for measuring the electric field of Rydberg cesium atom are described in this thesis.Secondly,based on the Rydberg cesium atom system,electromagnetic induced transparency experiment,single-frequency microwave measurement experiment,and heterodyne phase reversal experiment are carried out respectively.The experimental results show that within a certain range of electric field strength,the spectral splitting method can be used to measure the electric field,and it is very sensitive to the phase and frequency changes of microwave electric field.Finally,The interference factors such as Rydberg atomic gas cell,two-photon detuning and polarization mismatch are briefly analyzed.