Shoushili Yi In Japan

Shoushi Calendar which is one of the most outstanding calendars in ancient China had a significant impact on Japanese traditional science after it was introduced to Japan.The Shoushi Calendar is not only the model of the Edo period calendar in Japan,but also the basis of the mathematical sciences of the Edo period.As a report on the evaluation of Shoushili Yi[Discussion on the Shoushi Calendar],it belongs to calendar theory.Since the Ming and Qing dynasties,scholars have paid more attention to the research on Shoushili Jing[Text of the Shoushi Calendar],but little research on Shoushili Yi [Discussion on the Shoushi Calendar],as the only country which made research on Shoushili Yi in East Asia,their annotation work deserves further sorting and research.In the Edo period,the only commentary documents on the Shoushili Yi are Takebe Katahiro’s Jujireki Kai Gi,Nishimura Tōsato’s Juji Kai and the unsigned Jujireki Gi Chukai.These important material of Shoushili Yi is a historical testimony of the influence of Chinese science and culture on Japan,and it is also an important material for understanding Chinese traditional science from an overseas perspective.The first chapter firstly introduces the background and compilation process of the Shoushi Calendar,and shows the compilation of the Shoushi Calendar based on the Yuanshi and related primary materials.The second part introduces the completion of the Shoushili Yi,and discusses the author of the compilation and the process of its completion.The third part will discuss the contents of each chapter of the calendar.Finally,according to the summary of the calendar theory by existing scholars,the promotion of the calendar theory by the Shoushili Yi is discussed by comparing with the Dayanli Yi.The second chapter introduces the exchanges between the astronomical calendars between China and Japan.First,it describes the early acceptance of the Chinese calendar in Japan.It was cut off due to various reasons in the Song and Yuan Dynasties,and then in the Edo era,Japan began to try to use the Shoushi Calendar as the model calendar to compile the national calendar.Secondly,it introduces the background of the re-introduction of the Chinese calendar to Japan,and discusses three possible ways for the calendar to be introduced into Japan.Finally,the paper narrates the writing process of Shoushili Yi,and then researches the introduction method,time and route of introduction of Shoushili Yi.It is believed that Shoushili Yi was introduced into Japan with Yuanshi Lizhi in 1453 at the latest.The third chapter introduces the engraving and annotation of Shoushi Calendar and Shoushili Yi in the Edo period.A variety of reprinted editions have appeared.Through the comparison and collation between the various editions,this paper discusses the relationship between different versions of the Shoushi Calendar,and investigates the base edition and the annotated books of Shoushi Calendar.Through the retrieval and investigation of ancient books in various libraries in Japan,we have mastered 86 types of annotated documents of Shoushi Calendar and their collections in the Edo Period,and classified and summarized these works,and finally found that there are only three works annotated on the Shoushili Yi.Departments,namely Takebe Katahiro’s Jujireki Gi Kai,Nishimura Tōsato’s Jujikai Gikai and the unsigned Jujirekigi Chukai.The fourth chapter summarizes the series of researches on Jujireki Gi Kai on the basis of previous researches,and supplements the previous researches.First of all,systematically sort out the collection of the Jujireki Gi Kai,and find that there are 7 kinds of manuscripts in the existing Jujireki Gi Kai.The relationship between the manuscripts is confirmed through the details of each manuscript,and then the Jujireki Gi Kai is briefly described.The second section makes an in-depth discussion on the background of the compilation of Jujireki Gi Kai,and believes that Takebe Katahiro compiled the Jujireki Gi Kai based on the three backgrounds of the movement of reforming the calendar in Zhengxiang period,serving as the shogunate’s calendar academic consultant and Seki Takakazu’s influence.The third section summarizes the annotation achievements and predecessors’ research results of Jujireki Gi Kai,and summarizes the annotation achievements of Takebe Katahiro in the "Winter solstice time","Irregular motion of the sun","Irregular motion of the moon" and "White path crossing cycle".The fifth chapter first discusses the Jujikai Gikai and Jujirekigi Chukai and their authors.There is no relevant research literature on these two works,especially the Jujirekigi Chukai,which not only did not attract the attention of the academic circles,and it was mistakenly believed to be the writings of Takahashi Yoshitoki.After sorting out various manuscripts and verifying the details,it was confirmed that the author of Jujirekigi Chukai was Harada Shigeyoshi,a disciple of Nishimura Tōsato.Afterwards,the background of the compilation of the two commentary books is discussed,and it is believed that the Jujirekigi Chukai is compiled based on the three backgrounds of the failure of the movement of reforming calendar in Xiangbao period,the promotion of the movement of reforming calendar in Baoli period,and the need for arithmetic of Japan.The sixth chapter,through the interpretation of Jujireki Gi Kai and Jujirekigi Chukai,finds that Takebe Katahiro’s commentary on "Eclipses of the sun and the moon",Harada Shigeyoshi’s commentary on "Abolition of the calendar epoch",and the two’s comments on "The Method of increasing and decrease the regression year length " are very large in terms of space and have high value academically.Therefore,the annotation work of these parts is mainly analyzed,the reasons for each annotation are discussed,and the source of calendar theory is analyzed.Among them,Takebe Katahiro has made a lot of revisions to the data in the " Eclipses of the sun and the moon " part of Jujireki Gi Kai.After research and analysis,it believes that Takebe Katahiro modified the data mainly for three reasons,namely,there are corruption and related Astronomical data changes and push step algorithm improvements.There are two main points in Harada’s comments on the Japanese method of "Abolition of the calendar epoch".First,he made textual research and revisions to the accumulated years data of some of the 43 calendars since the Han Dynasty.Second,Li Qian and Qi Lvqian according to the Yanji-method to deduce Yanji Shangyuan and then give three cases about it.Harada Shigeyoshi supplement the three situations and give another four cases.Among them,two new cases are similar to Li Qian’s method,and the other two are made by Seki Takakazu’s Jian-Guan-method to deduce Shangyuan Jinian,and this method is essentially the same as the Dayan-Zongshu-method.Finally,based on Takebe Katahiro’s annotations in the Jujireki Kai Gi,this paper discusses Takebe Katahiro ’s annotations on the "Xiaozhang-method" of the Shoushi Calendar.It is believed that Takebe Katahiro has realized that the "Xiaozhangmethod" of the Shoushi Calendar is not accurate,and the focus of his annotation work is excellent.