| In recent years,with the advancement of urbanization and the continuous growth of population,people’s requirements for land have been continuously improved,and the contradiction between people and land has become prominent.Among them,the karst mountainous area has a fragile ecological environment,rugged terrain,poor soil,low productivity,and rapid population growth.Therefore,the contradiction between man and land in karst mountainous area is the most acute,and the adjustment of regional human-land conflict and the construction of ecological civilization are urgent.Taking the southeastern part of Huaxi District as an example,collect basic data such as regional socioeconomic statistics and geospatial data and display them spatially,establish an index system for ecological function zoning in the research area,and explore ecological function zoning methods for smaller-scale areas.Analyze the characteristics of different ecological function zones,select appropriate land use development scenarios based on the characteristics of each zone,obtain comprehensive regional land use simulation evolution results,and propose countermeasures suitable for regional characteristic development.It provides scientific reference and has important current significance.The specific research content and results are as follows:(1)According to the selection principle and establishment method of the ecological function zoning index system,combined with the regional characteristics,select the appropriate index evaluation method,and establish a complete ecological function zoning index system.The indicator system has fifteen secondary factors,including ecosystem service functions: six secondary indicators of soil conservation,water conservation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,climate regulation,air purification,and water purification;ecological sensitivity : five secondary indicators of soil erosion sensitivity,habitat sensitivity,geological disaster sensitivity,water resource sensitivity,and rocky desertification sensitivity;evaluation of regional economic development:economic development advantage,traffic advantage,population distribution advantage and Four secondary indicators of food supply capacity.(2)Coupling self-organizing feature mapping neural network and random forest algorithm,used to divide ecological function zones,and based on this method,the research area is divided into four ecological function zones;each evaluation index factor is obtained according to random forest algorithm and analytic hierarchy process The subjective and objective contribution degree of the ecological function zoning is comprehensively analyzed by weighted superposition,and the dominant ecological function of each zoning is determined.Finally,four ecological functional areas are obtained: product supply functional area,soil conservation functional area,biodiversity protection functional area and human settlement security functional area.(3)Coupling the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation(PLUS)model and the Markov model to conduct multi-scenario simulation analysis of land use in the study area,comprehensively analyze the characteristics of each ecological function area,and select different development scenario.Select the development scenario of cultivated land protection for the product supply functional area,the ecological protection development scenario for the soil conservation functional area and biodiversity protection functional area,and the natural trend development scenario for the human settlement security functional area,and superimpose and merge to obtain the land resources of the 2030 simulation scenario in karst mountainous areas Take advantage of the spatial distribution.The specific results show that the overall accuracy of the simulated land use data in 2020 is 83.36%,the Kappa coefficient is0.7021,and the Fo M index is 0.239.The accuracy of the model simulation is high,and it can be used to predict and analyze the spatial change of land use in the study area in 2030;Under different scenarios,the development and changes of various types are different.Under the natural trend development scenario,the area of cultivated land and garden land will decrease,while the area of forest land and construction land will increase.The main development trend is the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous expansion of construction land;Under the protection and development scenario,compared with the natural trend scenario,the area of cultivated land has increased,and the cultivated land has been effectively protected;under the ecological protection and development scenario,the forest area will be greatly expanded,and the ecological land will be effectively protected during the process of urbanization.(4)Different regions have different characteristics and dominant ecological functions.Selecting different development scenarios in combination with regional characteristics and dominant functions can better achieve regional coordinated development.The product supply functional area has strong agricultural production advantages.In order to protect cultivated land resources and keep the bottom line of food security,the main development in the future should focus on agriculture,take food security as the foothold,and choose cultivated land protection as the development model;soil conservation function Slow down the speed of urbanization,improve the ecological environment,and adjust the rate of soil erosion;the biodiversity protection function area increases the ecological environment by returning farmland to forests,carrying out afforestation activities,demarcating protected areas,strengthening deep forest tending,and strengthening forest resource management.System stability;the development of rural tourism in the human settlement guarantee function zone can better promote the integration of urban and rural areas,promote the realization of garden cities,drive the overall economic development of the region,and at the same time promote the inheritance and protection of local culture. |
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