| In the era of digital economy,data has become an important factor of production.However,the imperfect data factor market system corresponds to the massive data scale,and data cannot be effectively circulated among market entities.In order to compete for a favorable market position,digital platform enterprises excessively collect user data and establish data barriers,which seriously affects market competition and social welfare.Based on this,in August 2021,China formally adopted the " Personal Information Protection Law " and proposed the right to data portability,clearly pointing out that " individuals request to transfer their personal information to their designated personal information processors,in line with the conditions stipulated by the national network and information department,personal information processors should provide ways of transfer," aiming at ensuring personal privacy security and promoting market competition.So,whether data portability can promote market competition and improve consumer welfare has become an important research topic.On the basis of systematically combing the objective facts and theoretical literature,this paper establishes a two-sided market dynamic game model to study the market competition effect after giving users data portability.The research contents and conclusions of this paper mainly include the following aspects :First of all,the system combing the relevant theoretical literature,to lay the foundation for the later model.Through literature review,it is found that there are few studies on the data portability right at this stage,and there is a lack of systematic economic analysis.In addition,the two-sided market model is widely used in the study of platform enterprises,data portability affects the strategic behavior of platform enterprises by affecting the size of the transfer cost.Therefore,in order to establish the theoretical model of the research,this paper reviews the literature from three aspects :data portability,bilateral market and transfer cost.Secondly,a Hotelling bilateral market dynamic game model including consumers,platforms and merchants is constructed to analyze the market competition effect before and after the implementation of data portability.In the third chapter,based on Armstrong(2006),we extend the model to two periods,introduce the exogenous variable of transfer cost,assume that there are incumbent platforms and entry platforms,and construct a two-period dynamic game model in the two-sided market to compare the changes of market competition effect and welfare effect before and after the policy.The main conclusions are as follows : first,the cross-border network externalities of two-sided markets will deepen the ’ lock-in effect ’ of transfer costs;secondly,data portability can reduce consumer transfer costs and promote the market competition effect of digital platform enterprises,but it will reduce the profits of incumbent platforms.Third,data portability can alleviate the ’ lock-in effect ’ of the platform on consumers to a certain extent,but the changes in consumer surplus and total social welfare are uncertain.Third,a dynamic game model of online advertising market is established to explore the impact of consumer data portability on market data collection level and consumer welfare.In the fourth chapter,based on Kr?mer and Stüdlein(2019)and Despotakis et al.(2020),the model is extended to the two-sided market of online advertising,and the transfer cost is endogenous to the data collection level of the platform for consumers.The following conclusions are obtained : First,data portability can play a role in promoting competition,which will reduce the data collection level of the incumbent platform for consumers,but the data collection level of the platform is improved.Secondly,the endogenous transfer cost will lead the incumbent platform enterprises to improve the data collection level in the first phase in order to increase the transfer cost in the second phase.Third,giving users the right to data portability is beneficial to consumers who choose incumbent platforms,but reduces the surplus of other consumers,whose total consumer surplus is uncertain.Fourth,put forward policy recommendations to improve the construction of data factor market.Based on the model conclusions,this paper proposes the following policy recommendations : First,data portability should be applied according to specific scenarios and the compliance costs of SMEs should be reduced;secondly,promote data security construction and unify data carrying standards;finally,clarify the data type and orderly promote the implementation of data portability.The innovations of this paper are as follows :First,put the data portability problem in the framework of two-sided market theory to find a new theoretical breakthrough.Different from the existing literature discussing the market competition effect of data portability under the framework of one-sided market,this paper introduces the cross-border network externalities,studies the data portability in the framework of Hotelling ’s two-sided market theory,and proves that the cross-border network externalities will deepen the ’ lock-in effect ’ of transfer cost.Second,the transfer cost is endogenous in the online advertising two-sided market model.In this paper,the transfer cost is set as the level of data collected by the platform for consumers in the online advertising market,and the transfer cost is endogenous in the two-sided market model.It is proved that giving the user data portability can reduce the level of data collection of the incumbent platform and will promote competition,but the impact on consumer welfare changes is uncertain.Third,provide ideas for data supervision and personal information protection policies.On the basis of summarizing the existing research and its own model,this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions such as applying data portability rights according to specific scenarios,strengthening the safety supervision of data resource transmission,and providing assistance for the construction of China ’s data element market. |
