Research On Ultra-Short Baseline Underwater Sound Source Localization Technology Based On Wideband Compressed Sensing

Our country has a vast territory and abundant marine resources,and its rational planning plays a pivotal role in the development of economy and science and technology.In the national "14th Five-Year" marine development plan,it is clearly pointed out that it is necessary to optimize the spatial layout of the marine economy,accelerate the construction of a modern marine industry system,focus on improving the independent innovation capability of marine science and technology,and coordinate the promotion of marine resource protection and development.Therefore,at this stage,various universities and research institutes have launched a fierce competition for marine science and technology research represented by underwater target positioning technology,which provides strong technical support for our country’s marine safety and resource exploration.However,for the underwater target localization technology,due to the particularity of the marine environment,the mainstream propagation medium represented by electromagnetic waves can achieve high-precision localization on the water surface.The distance is greatly attenuated and the localization work cannot be completed.Therefore,this paper takes the broadband acoustic signal as the basic propagation medium,and takes the high precision and low energy consumption of underwater target localization as the starting point,and proposes an underwater acoustic localization method and an array error calibration method that is widely applicable to the marine environment.For the existing high-precision underwater acoustic localization algorithms,the localization accuracy is strongly dependent on the sampling rate of ocean acoustic data,and the energy consumption and portability of the equipment need to be improved urgently.In order to solve the above problems,this paper proposes an ultra-short baseline underwater acoustic source localization method based on two-dimensional broadband compressed sensing,which uses the advantages of compressed sensing under-sampling to reconstruct the original sparse signal with high precision to solve the difficulty and insufficient sampling of ocean sampling.In addition,with the advantages of light weight,low energy consumption,and high precision in shallow seas of ultra-short baseline localization technology,the localization method proposed in this paper effectively reduces the power consumption and quality requirements of hardware devices.Based on the passive positioning mode under one-way propagation time,the method processes the broadband signal,which not only ensures high-precision localization in the data under-sampling environment,but also greatly reduces the requirements for equipment power consumption.Compared with the current mainstream underwater acoustic technologies represented by the multiple signal classification method,the cross-spectral method,and the generalized cross-correlation method,the underwater acoustic localization method proposed in this paper greatly improves the endurance of marine equipment on the basis of maintaining higher accuracy and portability.Based on the broadband compressed sensing underwater acoustic localization method,this paper further studies the influence of inherent errors such as arrays in the localization estimation process.By analyzing the influence of the spatial structure of the array on the positioning accuracy,combined with the error of the traditional method under the small array element spacing,it is found that the inherent attribute error of the array has a non-negligible influence on the small spacing array element structure.Therefore,this paper proposes a high-precision matrix error calibration method based on broadband signals.This method starts with broadband compressed sensing technology and ultra-short baseline underwater localization technology.In terms of method calibration steps,due to the small distance between the coaxial elements of the ultra-short baseline quaternary cross array used in this paper,the research on the calibration directly acting on this structure is insufficient.Therefore,inspired by the uniform circular array error calibration method,this paper analyzes the main channel amplitude and phase errors and the mutual coupling error characteristics of the array elements in the ultra-short baseline array,and proposes an ultra-short baseline array based on broadband compressed sensing.The error calibration method can effectively alleviate the influence of the array error on the localization accuracy.The localization and calibration methods proposed above in this paper have achieved the expected accuracy and effect through theoretical and experimental analysis,and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.