| With the improvement of people’s life and economic level,obesity in both China and all over the world is increasing and getting younger year by year,which has become a global problem and is closely related to many chronic diseases.With the continuous improvement of people’s health awareness,more and more people pay attention to the natural products that can reduce fat.Monascus pigment is a kind of polyketone compound,which is the main secondary metabolite of the filamentous fungus Monascus.In addition,Monascus pigment has a series of biological activities,such as anti-obesity activity,and is easy to obtain.However,there are few reports about the lipid-lowering activity of Monascus pigment at home and abroad.Taking Caenorhabditis elegans as the model organism,the lipid-lowering activity of Monascus pigment was studied experimentally from lipid metabolism and antioxidant aspects,which can provide certain experimental basis for the lipid-lowering research of monascus pigment.Monascus pigment was obtained by solid fermentation of Monascus and crude extraction of ethanol.Co-culture of monascus pigment and Escherichia coli confirmed that Monascus pigment had inhibitory effect on the growth and development of Escherichia coli.Therefore,inactivation of Escherichia coli was selected for further experiments.After that,the TG content in C.elegans was detected and the concentration was preliminarily screened.It was found that 40μg/m L,50μg/m L and 60μg/m L could reduce the TG content in C.elegans,which decreased by 86.7%,79.7% and 74.7% compared with the model group,respectively.The concentrations of 40μg/m L,50μg/m L and 60 μg/m L were determined as the initial dosages.After that,the C.elegans were stained with oil red O,and the software analysis showed that different concentrations of Monascus pigment could reduce the fat accumulation of C.elegans.Compared with the model group,40μg/m L,50μg/m L and60μg/m L reduced fat accumulation by 6.4%,14.7% and 17%,respectively.Life curve and ontogenetic test verified that Monascus pigment had no toxic effect on nematode growth and development,and it was found that monastilin had a prolonged effect on C.elegans life.Compared with model group,40μg/m L,50μg/m L and 60μg/m L could prolong the maximum life of nematode by 1,2 and 3 days,respectively.Furthermore,the pharyngeal pump frequency of nematodes was observed and it was found that monascus pigment did not inhibit the feeding frequency and restricted the fat accumulation of C.elegans.It was found that Monascus pigment tended to increase the movement frequency of C.elegans from the frequency of head swinging and body bending.RT-PCR was used to detect the effects of Monascus pigment on fat synthesis and metabolism of C.elegans.The results showed that fat accumulation of nematodes could be affected by changing genes in the two pathways of sbp-1/mdt-15 and nhr-49.Compared with model group,the gene levels of mdt-15,fat-5,fat-6,fat-7,pod-2,atgl-1,asc-2 and kat-1 were decreased.Compared with the model group,the gold and silver levels of nhr-49 and ech-1 increased.The results of intestinal flora showed that Monascus pigment could repair the bacterial environment of C.elegans in vivo,reduce the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and improve the abundance of probiotics.A red yeast cookie product was developed.The recipe of red yeast cookie was determined by orthogonal experiment: butter 50 g,pure milk 100 g,low-gluten powder 520 g,sugar powder 150 g,xylitol 4.7g and Monascus rice 0.9g.To make up for the shortcomings of single type of functional biscuits and low nutritional value on the market,and expand the market of red yeast functional food in China. |
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