BCAT1 Controls Embryonic Neural Stem Cells Proliferation And Differentiation In The Upper Layer Neurons

The cerebral cortex is one of the most complex regions in the mammalian brain,and the formation and development of its neuronal network involves the regulation of various cell factors,transcription factors,and environmental factors.During the process of neuronal development,cell proliferation,migration,positioning,differentiation,maturation,and connection are closely intertwined and mutually influenced.The details and mechanisms of neuronal development are regulated by various factors,including gene regulation,signal pathway regulation,extracellular matrix,and support from glial cells.At different stages of neuronal development,neurons express different molecular markers and morphological characteristics,forming different types of neurons.Neurons can also be classified based on their location and function in different brain regions.Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit information between neurons and regulate neuronal activity in neural networks.Neurotransmitters can be classified as excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Excitatory neurotransmitters,such as glutamate and dopamine,can stimulate neuronal excitation,while inhibitory neurotransmitters,such as gamma-aminobutyric acid,can reduce neuronal activity.Changes in the type and quantity of neurotransmitters can affect the activity of neural networks,which is associated with many neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and depression.Glutamate is the major neurotransmitter in different subtypes of neurons in the cortical layers of the brain.BCAT1 is a gene involved in glutamate metabolism,and its expression pattern in different layers of neurons is not fully understood.Using single-cell data,we identified seven different states of neural stem cells(NSCs)and found that state 4is closely related to the development of projection neurons.By inferring the developmental trajectory of different neuronal subtypes from the NSC subpopulations of this state,we found that BCAT1 is involved in regulating NSC proliferation and differentiation,and is particularly highly expressed in layer II/III and IV neurons.Inhibiting BCAT1 with sh RNA resulted in reduced NSC proliferation and abnormal development of layer II/III and IV neurons.These findings provide new insights into the role of BCAT1 in regulating NSC behavior and neuronal development.