Research On Practical Quantum Electronic Payment Protocols Based On Measurement-Device-Independence

With the rapid development of society,electronic payment plays an important role in people’s lives.Therefore,ensuring the security of user privacy information during the payment process has attracted the focus of scholars.Due to the rapid development of quantum computing,the security of electronic payment based on computational difficulty theory has been seriously threatened.Some scholars apply quantum information technology to electronic payment,which can resist the powerful computing power of quantum computers.Although quantum information technology has unconditional security in theory,attackers can utilize loopholes of the measurement device to threaten security in practical applications.Therefore,this article applies measurement-device-independence technology to quantum electronic payment,which eliminates all possible attacks against the measurement device and enhances communication distance.This paper studies how to more effectively protect the security of user privacy information in the quantum electronic payment,and two protocols are proposed.One of the protocols focuses on the privacy of shopping information during the shopping process and the security of payment information during the payment process,and a quantum electronic payment protocol based on quantum public key encryption is proposed.The other protocol considers the situation of multiple users shopping at the same time,the protocol divides users into different groups and studies how to ensure the security of shopping information and payment information of each user in the same group,and a quantum electronic payment protocol based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem is proposed.Both protocols ensure the anonymity of the user’s identity,and achieve the separation of shopping and payment to meet the goal that the shopping platform and the merchant do not know payment information and the payment platforms do not know commodity information.1.A quantum electronic payment protocol based on quantum public key encryption is proposed.In this protocol,the purchase phase achieves dual authentication of shopping information:with the assistance of the shopping platform,the shopper uses quantum public key encryption technology to send the shopping information to the shopping platform,and then utilizes measurement-deviceindependent quantum secure direct communication(MDI-QSDC)to send shopping information to the merchant.In the payment phase,the shopper uses quantum public key encryption technology to send payment information to the bank.Blockchain is utilized to store merchant account information and assists the bank in confirming transfer information.Finally,the correctness and safety of this scheme are analyzed,and simulation experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility.2.A quantum electronic payment protocol based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem is proposed.In this protocol,the purchase phase uses the Chinese Remainder Theorem and the secure multiparty summation to realize that all users in the same group send the commodity information anonymously,and the commodity information is committed to the blockchain to ensure information traceability and avoid disputes.In the payment stage,MDI-QSDC technology is adopted to realize identity authentication and secure transmission of payment information at the same time with only one round of communication cost,which improves the communication efficiency.Finally,the correctness and security of this scheme are analyzed,and simulation experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility of the payment phase.