Analysis Of Population Difference, Seasonal Response And Climate Impact Of Behavior Pattern Of Siberian Crane In Non-Breeding Season

Siberian crane(Grus leucogeranus)is a globally critically endangered species,and nearly99% of its population winters in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin in China.Its endangered status has attracted close attention from all walks of life,and various forms of conservation and comprehensive systematic research have been conducted.Among them,behavioral studies are extremely important,especially in terms of behavioral influences,which are key to conservation and management.In order to accumulate biological information on the behavior patterns of siberian cranes and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent conservation,this paper studied the behavior patterns(group differences and seasons)and influencing factors of Siberian cranes during the non-breeding period(autumn migration period,overwintering period,spring migration period)at three sites,namely,Poyang Lake Reserve in Jiangxi,Tumuji Reserve in Inner Mongolia and Momog Reserve in Jilin from 2020 to 2022,respectively,using scanning sampling method.The results of the study showed that:(1)The behavioral patterns of Siberian cranes differed in different seasons of the nonbreeding period.For dominant behaviors,foraging(38.52%)was dominant in autumn,and the time distribution of siberian crane foraging behaviors accounted for nearly 80% in winter,while it changed to foraging(37.42%)and locomotion(31.19%)in spring.Secondary behaviors included vigilance,locomotion,maintain and standing in autumn,and changed to locomotion,resting,standing and maintain in winter;only vigilance was present in spring.As for the behavior with the least time allocation,it was other behaviors in autumn,vigilance behavior had the least time allocation in winter,and changed to static resting in spring.(2)There were group differences in the behavioral patterns of siberian cranes in different seasons of the non-breeding period.In autumn,there were extremely significant differences(P<0.01)between adults and juveniles in resting,standing,locomotion,maintain,foraging,and vigilance behaviors.In winter,there were extremely significant differences(P<0.01)in standing,locomotion,maintain,foraging,and vigilance behaviors.And in spring,there were extremely significant differences(P<0.01)in resting,locomotion,maintain,foraging,and vigilance behaviors,and significant differences(P<0.05)in standing behaviors.Regarding foraging behavior,the time allocation of juveniles was much larger than that of adults in autumn,while in winter and spring,adults were significantly more than juveniles.(3)During the non-breeding period,different groups of Siberian cranes showed seasonal responses in their behavioral patterns.Both adult and juvenile siberian cranes have behavioral responses to seasonal changes(autumn-winter,winter-spring,autumn-spring),and their behavioral time allocation and behavioral rhythms change,and there are differences in the way different groups of siberian cranes respond to the same seasonal changes.Adults showed extremely significant responses to winter driving in the behaviors of resting,standing,locomotion,maintain,foraging,and vigilance,and the time allocations of foraging(highest time allocation in winter),locomotion(spring > autumn > winter),vigilance and standing(autumn > spring > winter),maintain and resting(autumn > winter > spring)showed different seasonal responses in all three seasons.Juveniles showed different seasonal responses in the temporal distribution of foraging(winter > autumn > spring),resting,standing,maintain(autumn > winter > spring),locomotion and other behaviors(spring > winter > autumn),and vigilance(spring > autumn > winter)of juveniles all showed different seasonal responses.(4)Different climatic elements(weather,temperature,wind)had significant effects on the behavioral patterns of Siberian cranes.The six categories of behavioral patterns of Siberian cranes,namely,resting,standing,locomotion,maintain,foraging,and vigilance,all had extremely significant responses in terms of time allocation under different weather scenarios(sunny,cloudy,rainy).The six behavioral types of Siberian crane behavioral patterns,including resting,standing,locomotion,maintain,foraging,and vigilance,all showed extremely significant responses in time allocation under different temperature-driven([-3℃,0℃),[0℃,7℃),[7℃,11℃),[11℃,15℃]).The Siberian crane behavioral patterns showed positive responses in behavioral time allocation and dominant behavioral types under different wind drives,and extremely significant wind drives(Light breeze,Gentle breeze,Moderate breeze,Fresh breeze)in the behaviors of resting,standing,locomotion,foraging,and vigilance.The analysis of the behavioral patterns of Siberian cranes in this study can enrich the behavioral database of Siberian cranes,accumulate more conservation biology information for the scientific conservation of Siberian cranes,and provide scientific basis for the conservation management of relevant departments.