| Accelerated urbanization has led to a series of problems such as ecological degradation and environmental pollution.As a vital intermediary between natural and social systems,urban green areas can provide diverse ecosystem services and play an important strategic role in alleviating environmental problems.Qingdao West Coast New Area is the area with the highest proportion of population in Qingdao,with a high level of urbanization resulting in a high demand for ecosystem services,and the relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services is still unclear.This study focuses on the central area of Qingdao West Coast New Area to explore the relationship between supply and demand of urban green space ecosystem services and the spatial matching,in order to identify the discrepancies between ecosystem supply and urban residents’ demand.It aims to scientifically assess the characteristics of supply and demand distribution of urban green space ecosystem services.Moreover,this study will provide suggestions to optimize urban green space planning and management,so as to provide reference for Qingdao West Coast New Area to enhance urban functions,improve ecological environment and upgrading urban quality in Qingdao West Coast New Area.The study comprises four significant aspects:First,define the distribution range of urban green areas in Qingdao West Coast New Area through visual interpretation and landscape pattern analysis,and to analyze their spatial distribution characteristics.Second,calculate the total value of urban green area ecosystem services in Qingdao West Coast New Area and explore their spatial distribution patterns based on biophysical models and related pricing methods.Third,conduct a questionnaire survey of residents in Qingdao West Coast New Areausing the conditional value method to obtain data,and further assess the demand and supply of urban green areas.Fourth,the supply-demand relationship study was conducted to analyze the balance of urban green space ecosystem services supply-and-demand and matching pattern,and to propose optimization suggestions for the managing and planning urban green space in Qingdao West Coast New Area.The main conclusions drawn from the study are as follows:1.The overall spatial distribution of urban green space in the central area of Qingdao West Coast New Area is uneven with most of it located in the northeast and central parts of the study area.The spatial distribution of different urban green space types shows different characteristics,with park green space and square land concentrated in the core area of the city showing a fragmented distribution.Subsidiary green space is distributed in the eastern and southerncoastal areas of the study area,also fragmented.Protective green space is scattered in the northern and western areas,far from the core area of the city.Regional green space is concentrated at the junction of urban and rural areas,displaying an aggregated distribution.2.The total value of urban green space ecosystem services in the central area of Qingdao West Coast New Area in 2021 is 605 million yuan.From the viewpoint of ecosystem service types,water-related ecosystem services provide the highest value at 198 million RMB,followed by noise abatement and recreation;from the viewpoint of urban green space types,the value of ecosystem services is ranked as regional green space>accessory green space>park green space>square land>protective green space,among which has the highest total value at 377 million RMB;In terms of spatial distribution pattern,the total value of urban green space ecosystem services is mainly distributed in the central part of the study area,showing an aggregated distribution,and less in the western and northern parts.3.The total demand value of urban green space ecosystem services in the central area of Qingdao West Coast New Area is 162 million RMB.From the perspective of demand willingness,urban residents’ demand for regulation services is higher than cultural services,with nearly 70%preferring payment by free donation and taxes,and the elderly and frequentgreen space visitors are willing to pay higher fees;from the perspective of type of demand for ecosystem services,most respondents consider that the ecosystem services that urban green spaces can provide are services with a strong intuitive feeling,such as air purification and recreation;and from the perspective of the spatial distribution of demand,the overall spatial distribution is characterized by decreasing demand from core areas to external areas,with higher overall demand in the eastern coastal areas and southern coastal areas,and the level of demand is mainly related to the spatial distribution of population density.4.There is an imbalance between supply and demand of urban green space ecosystem services in the central area of Qingdao West Coast New Area.The supply-demand balance differs significantly in different streets/towns based mainly on the distribution of urban green areas and population.From the spatial matching of supply and demand,the total supply and demand of ecosystem services show a "low supply-low demand" spatial matching,which is mainly distributed in the southwest and northeast of Qingdao West Coast New Area;and the spatial matching of "high supply-low demand" is concentrated in the south-central and northern part of Qingdao while he "high supply-high demand" spatial matching type is mainly distributed in the eastern and central coastal urban core areas.Based on these findings,this study proposes five aspects of optimization:supply-demand balance concept,green space land use,development mode,urban-rural green space construction,and green space technology combination. |
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