Comparative Analysis Of Meteorological Drought Indices In Quantifying And Characterizing Drought Events Over Burundi

Droughts are natural catastrophes that cost the health and wealth of humans due to their harmful effects on the natural environment,ecology,hydrology,and agriculture in particular.Droughts are recurring incidents that last for prolonged periods of time in the northern part of Burundi.Despite the region being prone to drought and often suffering from dry conditions,drought has not been widely investigated.For the quantification and characterization of dryness conditions,this research utilized two drought indices,the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)and the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI),at 2-,6-,and 24-month timescales,where 2-,6-,and 24-,months correspond to agricultural due to the fact that most of cultivated plants in Burundi need 2 to 6 months to fully grow and yield and hydrological droughts,respectively.The MannKendall(MK)test combined with Sen’s slope estimator were utilized to analyze the drought trend based on the calculated SPEI and SPI values.The two drought indices were compared,and the difference between SPEI and SPI was illustrated by quantifying and characterizing drought incidents.The findings revealed that different types of droughts threatened the northern part of Burundi during the periods of 1993-2000 and 2002-2009.Both indices illustrated that 2005,2006,and 2007 were extremely dry years.The drought incidents detected by the SPEI index were classified into moderate and severe categories,characterized by long duration and greater magnitude.In contrast,the drought incidents detected by SPI were classified into the "extremely dry" category,characterized by limited duration and lower magnitude but with higher intensities.This research highlighted that SPEI differs from SPI in quantifying and characterizing droughts and highly suggests the use of both SPEI and SPI when assessing droughts.The outcome of this study will be useful in drought prevention and mitigation strategies across Burundi,specifically for agricultural purposes.Moreover,proactive drought mitigation activities,climate change mitigation and water resources management policy are highly recommended in order to reduce drought risk and its effect on both population and the natural environment.