Research On The Practice Of Archaeological Cartography In China

Image is the basic material for recording,storing,researching,displaying and utilizing archaeological remains information.Common types of images in archaeological excavation reports include photos,mappings,drawings,rubbings,charts and schemas.They are interrelated to form an archaeological image system,which is supplemented with text to sort out,interpret,and disseminate huge and various types of Archaeological information.The image system is also a high-quality carrier to display the space and structural relationship of the remains,the time of the remains and the development process,restores the size and proportion of the remains,statistically analyzes the inherent laws of the remains,restores the original appearance of the damaged remains,and explains the behavior,concepts,and thinking processes of the ancients.Scientific archaeological cartography has been developed for a century,and its cartographic concepts,techniques and image content have undergone profound changes with the development of archaeological research goals,theories and methods,as well as science and technology.However,due to the long-term emphasis on practice over theory in my country’s cartographic work,the internal relationship between archaeological display and research needs and archaeological cartography has been separated,resulting in problems such as imperfect management and review mechanisms,lack of cartographic talents,backlog of cartographic work,and lack of refined image representation.Problems such as the loss of image artistry have restricted the sound development of archaeological cartography work.This paper firstly clarifies the two working stages of field mapping for the purpose of scientific recording and indoor cartography for the purpose of recording,sorting and researching;Analyzes the materials,research attributes and science of illustrations,annexed tables,and plates,and systematically displays the role of excavation results;Distinguishes and analyzes the characteristics of different images,such as the documentary and realism of photography,the concise generalization of drawing,the restoration of decorative calligraphy by rubbing,the comparison and sorting of information by charts and schemas;Analyzes the application scenarios of the central projection with strong stereo sense and the parallel projection to solve the problems of spatial measurement and positioning;Compares the scope of application,technical requirements and realization effects of manual measurement drawing and computer drawing.(3D model,digital photography,etc.)Secondly,this paper sorts out the development of Chinese archaeological(epigraphy)cartographic practice in chronological order and divides it into four stages:The “pre-understanding” stage of artifact drawing for the purpose of restoring the image of the artifact in the works of epigraphy in the Song Dynasty;In the early 20 th century,the citation and application stage of the Western cartographic paradigm of scientific display and search for the spatial and temporal location of ruins;From the mid-20 th century to the end of the 1980 s,the formation stage of the cartographic system for the purpose of typological sorting and “seeing people through things”;The development stage of image diversification under new technologies and new concepts from the late 1980 s to the present.The internal driving force of the development of the image system: the development of archaeological theory,multi-disciplinary integration,and the external driving force: the development of cartographic technology and the transformation of public needs are analyzed.The future development trend of the image system: more accuracy,expressiveness and generalization;database mode;report digital publishing is prospected.Finally,the cartographic practice of the Xiaojiaokou site in Sanmenxia is carried out to verify the feasibility of obtaining orthographic projection images by the method of “long focal length and far object distance”,and tries paperless field mapping.This paper distinguishes and analyzes the application of different image categories,projection methods,view selection,and rendering methods,and systematically sorts out the development process of Chinese archaeological cartography practice.Taking the independent image categories in the previous research as the image system to carry out comprehensive research has reference significance for solving cartographic problems and breaking through the bottleneck of cartographic in the future.