Anti-GPS Spoofing UAV Identity Authentication And Key Agreement Protocol

The application of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)in daily,commercial,and military use is becoming more and more extensive,and the security problems are also becoming more and more disturbing during mission executions.As UAVs,with high mobility,operate in open and remote environments where the distribution of network nodes is scattered,and the network topology is dynamic,plus weak,unencrypted,and insecure wireless communication links,they are vulnerable to attacks including wireless sniffing,injection,monitoring,and replay from open information channels and jamming and spoofing against GPS signals.In view of these problems and issues,this study designs an Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol(APUAKP)for UAVs by making use of the physical unclonable function(PUF)and machine learning,to meet the requirements of identity authentication and GPS spoofing detection.This design takes advantage of the unclonable feature of PUF to ensure the authenticity of UAV’s identity,and utilizes the advantages of machine learning to ensure the security of UAV’s GPS data.Besides,the intercommunication feature of protocol enables the ground station to amend UAV’s GPS security,and at the same time receive instant information about UAV’s GPS security status.Work has been done as follows:First,to solve the problem that GPS is vulnerable to spoofing,certain patterns of false GPS signals are found,recognized,and then deployed in the ground station.To increase communication security,a lightweight secret authentication key agreement protocol between the UAV and the ground station is designed,combining the pre-shared secret value,the emerging technology PUF function and GPS spoofing detection scheme.The security analysis suggests that APUAKP can resist common attacks,such as eavesdropping attacks,identity forgery attacks,man-in-the-middle attacks,and replay attacks,and can also guarantee the forward and backward security of the key.The performance analysis of APUAKP shows that the GPS detection scheme uses Neural Network,KNN,SVM,and NB algorithms and successfully trains the model,among which and the model trained with the neural network has the highest judgment accuracy of 98%.According to the comprehensive evaluation,compared with other similar authentication protocols,APUAKP can additionally ensure forward and backward security and resist GPS spoofing attacks while occupying similar space and time.The designed anti-GPS spoofing UAV authentication key agreement protocol is implemented,being deployed in the anti-GPS spoofing UAV authentication communication system,and the system is experimentally tested and run.Experiments have shown that the deployment of the system on the UAV does not affect the normal flight.It can achieve two-way authentication between the ground station and the UAV,and can resist various attacks mentioned in the security analysis.Also,the system conducts encrypted communication and ensures channel security.