Toxicity And Toxicology Of Bisphenol A And Its Derivatives To Corbicula Fluminea

With the restriction of BPA,the output and dosage of BPA derivatives continue to increase in recent years.BPA and its derivatives are widely detected in aquatic environment media such as surface water and sediments.Human beings and other organisms have been inevitably exposed to BPA and its derivatives.Most bisphenols have similar toxic effects to BPA,and the related mechanisms of toxic effects of BPA and its analogues may be similar.Some bisphenols(BPAF,BPB and BPS)show even stronger toxicity to BPA,so more attention should be paid to their application as a substitute for BPA.Previous studies have shown that BPA and its derivatives could induce acute toxicity,endocrine disrupting effects,neurotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,developmental toxicity,cardiovascular toxicity,cellular and gene toxicity and potential carcinogenicity,but most of the studies have been conducted in high concentration which are much larger than the actual concentration in the environmental medium.The study on the toxic effects of long-term low-dose exposure of BPA and its derivatives has a good reference significance for studying the potential ecological risks of BPA and its derivatives.Therefore,in this study,Corbicula fluminea,a sensitive benthic organism,was exposed to BPA(20 μg/L,200 μg/L and 2000 μg/L),BPB(10 μg/L,100μg/L and 1000μg/L),BPS(10μg/L,100 μg/L and 1000μg/L),BPAF(0.1 μg/L,10 μg/L and 1000 μg/L)for 28 days,and the changes of transcriptome,biomarkers,DNA damage,apoptosis and histopathology were analyzed.The toxic effects of bisphenol A and its derivatives on C.fluminea were comprehensively evaluated and the main results are as follows:(1)All the four bisphenols can cause changes in many signal pathways such as apoptosis and cancer-related pathways in Corbicula fluminea.(2)The combination of four kinds of bisphenols could cause DNA damage in Corbicula fluminea,among which the damage caused by BPA,BPB and BPS was DNA oxidative damage mediated by ROS.(3)All the four bisphenols could induce apoptosis in Corbicula fluminea,and the oxidative damage caused by ROS was the main factor affecting apoptosis induced by BPA,BPB and BPS.(4)All the four bisphenols have neurotoxicity to Corbicula fluminea.(5)All four kinds of bisphenols can change the histopathological characteristics of Corbicula fluminea.This study comprehensively evaluated the adverse effects of long-term low-dose exposure of bisphenol A and its derivatives to C.fluminea,which provided a basis for further evaluation of the potential ecological risks of bisphenol A and its derivatives.