Research On Quantum Secure Communication Based On Hyper Entanglement And Single Photon

Quantum dialogue is based on the idea of two-way transmission,which realized the secret information exchange of between communicating parties.However,the original quantum dialogue protocol had a security flaw of information leakage.In addition,similar to the other quantum communication forms,quantum dialogue protocols may also suffer from attacks from imperfect experimental devices.To resist all possible eavesdropping attacks on the measurement devices,researchers introduced the measurement-device-independent method in the field of quantum communication.But in the existing scheme,the efficiency of communication is relatively low.In addition,the alignment of reference system between two communicating parties is a necessary condition in quantum communication.However,in the actual environment system,the reference system between the two communication parties may have errors due to slow changes.In order to solve the problem of the alignment of the reference frame between the two parties,researchers proposed the reference-frame-independent key distribution scheme for the first time.However,in quantum secure direct communication,the problem of slow change of reference system has not been solved.In order to solve the above problems,we propose the study of quantum secure communication protocols based on hyper-entanglement and single photon.The main work is as follows:The first work proposes a measurement device-independent quantum dialogue protocol based on hyperentanglement.We use the polarization degree of freedom and spatial degree of freedom,two communication parties can exchange 4 bits of messages per hyperentangled photon pair.And the protocol can not only resist the attack of measurement equipment,but also eliminate the security loopholes of information leakage.Moreover,for promoting its practical application,we try to use the practical linear-optical partial hyperentangled Bell-state measurement in our measurement deviceindependent quantum dialogue protocol,with which the parties can exchange 3 bits of messages per hyperentangled photon pair.Compared with previous protocols,our protocol has a higher channel capacity and improves communication efficiency.The second work proposes a reference frame independent quantum secure direct communication protocol.In this protocol,only part of the quantum state measurements under X and Y bases are used for the first step of security detection.The remaining quantum states under X and Y bases and the quantum states under Z bases can be used to encode messages.Compared with the reference-frameindependent key distribution protocol,this protocol significantly improves the communication efficiency.