| Woody starch plant refers to edible or industrial woody plants rich in starch and other sugars,is one of the natural food for human survival and development.Plant starch is mostly in seeds,fruit stalks,fruits,stems,corms,roots,roots,pith,bulbs,root tubers,cortex and other parts,among which starch content is especially rich in fruits.China has a long history of edible woody starch plants.However,studies on the active components of woody starch plants are rarely reported.This article USES the Castanea mollissima、Juglans、Aesculus chinensis Bunge、Korean Pine、Armeniaca vulgaris Lam、Quercus palustris Münchh、Ginkgo biloba L The fruits of 7 woody starch plants were used as research objects.The active components were extracted by distilled water and ethanol,and then the concentrated solution was obtained by rotary evaporation.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)and other characterization methods were used to systematically analyze the functional groups and components of the fruit extracts of 7 woody starch plants,and identify the active components,so as to explore the edible and medicinal values of woody starch fruits.It provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for the research and high value utilization of woody starch plants.FTIR was used to analyze the types of functional groups in the extracts.The results showed that the absorption peaks of fresh fruit and dry fruit of 7 woody starch plants were similar,and the main functional groups were basically the same,mainly containing alcohols,phenols,aldehydes,esters,ketones,heteraromatic rings,unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds.GC-MS results showed that there were 24,12,46,29,18,32 and 24 compounds in the ethanol extracts of chestnut,walnut kernel,horse-chestnut fruit,pine nut,almond,acorn and ginkgo fruit,respectively.The ethanol extract of chestnut fresh fruit was rich in sugars and esters,of which 51.5 were esters.Oleic acid and linoleic acid were rich in ethanol extract of walnut fresh fruit,accounting for 68% of the compounds.Aesculus chinensis fruit ethanol extract contains matrine;Pine nuts are rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid.Acorns contain clindamycin;In addition,some toxic components were found in the ethanol extracts of almond,ginkgo and horse chestnut fruits,which should be paid special attention to.UPLC-MS was used to analyze the fractions of fresh fruit hot water extract,dried fruit hot water extract and dried fruit ethanol extract from 7 woody starch plants.The results showed that there were 177,170 and 109 substances in fresh fruit,dried fruit and dried fruit ethanol hot water extract,respectively.There were 172,241 and 55 substances in ethanol hot water extracts of fresh,dried and dried chestnut fruits,respectively.There were 296,337 and 104 substances in ethanol hot water extract of fresh,dried and dried chestnut fruits,respectively.The ethanol hot water extracts of pine nut fresh fruit,dried fruit and dried fruit contained 265,210 and 52 substances respectively.The ethanol hot water extracts of fresh almond fruit,dried almond fruit and dried almond fruit contained 212,177 and 143 substances respectively.The ethanol hot water extracts of fresh,dried and dried acorns contained 239,222 and 70 substances respectively.There were 112,188 and 67 substances in the ethanol hot water extracts of fresh fruit,dried fruit and dried fruit of Ginkgo biloba respectively.There were significant differences in the number of substances in the extracts of the 7woody starch plants under different treatment conditions,and the species of substances in the hot water extract was significantly more than that in the ethanol extract,indicating that the hot water extraction method obtained more active components than the ethanol extraction method,and the extraction effect of active substances in the woody starch plants was better.The α-linolenic acid,ellagic acid and bergenin detected in the fruit extracts of the above-mentioned 7 woody starch plants have high medicinal value,with the effects of lowering blood lipid,blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular diseases,indicating that woody starch plants have potential application value in medicine and other fields.In addition,there are some toxic active substances,such as amygaloside contained in almonds,cucurbitin B,etc.,horse chestnut fruit containing matrine will cause human lymphocyte chromosome damage.Therefore,in the process of development and utilization of woody starch plant,we should fully understand its toxic and side effects,scientific treatment and rational utilization. |
