Study On Species Diversity Of Spider–pathogenic Fungi

Spiders(class Arachnida,order Araneae),the general name of a group of animals in phylum Arthropoda,can be found everywhere in the ecosystem and play an important role in biological control.Araneopathogenic fungi,a class of pathogens infects spider.With a great diversity of variety and quantity,pathogens of spiders are widely distributed in the world.However,there are rare reports related to the systematic study of species diversity of spider-pathogenic fungi in China.In this study,spider-pathogenic fungi were used as the research object,and the pathogenic fungi on the spider cadavers were separated,purified and identified.Accorrding to the latest classification system of entomogenous fungi,the species diversity of spider-pathogenic fungi was determined by classical morphological classification and molecular systematics.Collect relevant literatures to understand the research progress of spider-pathogenic fungi worldwide,systematically study the species diversity and distribution regions of which at home and abroad sequentially.Thus,providing a theoretical basis for the classification of araneopathogenic fungi and the exploitation and utilization of bioactive substances of its in the future.1.In this study,39 specimens infected with araneopathogenic fungi were collected in natural reserve,and 41 strains of spider-pathogenic fungi were obtained from the laboratory strain bank.Threrfore,a total of 80 strains of spider-pathogenic fungi were obtained and discussed here.After preliminary morphological obsrvation,there are 2families 8 genera and 20 species of these fungi,including 10 new taxa,namely: one species of Akanthomyces(A.farinose Holmsk.),two species of Beauveria(B.bassiana(Bals.)Vuill.、B.pseudobassiana Rehner & Humber),one species of Chlorocillium(C.griseum(Petch)Zare & Gams),three species of Cordyceps(C.cateinannulata Liang、C.cateniobliqua Liang 、 C.fumosorosea Wize),one species of Hevansia(H.psuedonelumboides sp.nov.),four species of Gibellula(G.flava sp.nov.、G.longispora sp.nov.、G.penicillioides sp.nov.、Gibellula sp.nov.GNJ20210711-02),six species of Samsoniella: S.alpina Yu & Wang、S.hepiali Yu & Wang、four unnamed new species(Samsoniella sp.nov.RCEF2595 、 Samsoniella sp.nov.RCEF2830 、Samsoniella sp.nov.RCEF2868、Samsoniella sp.nov.RCEF5406),two species of Purpureocillium(P.atypicola Yasuda、Purpureocillium aranearum sp.nov.).2.Based on ITS and TEF gene to construct a phylogenetic tree,80 strains could be roughly divided into 21 branches from Ⅰ to XXI,with each branch represents a species.For the unknown taxa,other genes(SSU/LSU/RPB1/RPB2)have been amplified,and further phylogenetic analysis of five/six genes was constructed to reconstruct the taxonomic status of different species in evolutionary relationships.Combining morphological obsrvation and phylogenic analysis,a total of 11 new species and 1 new record species were discovered and described here.Revised a taxon of genus Hevansia and renamed it as a new species.There are 4 new taxa were showed in the genus Gibellula.Several Isaria-like strains were revised as S.hepiali,S.alpine and 4 new species were described here.A species of genus Purpureocillium was described as a new member.In addition,Chlorocillium griseum has been newly recorded in China.3.By collecting the literatures about spider-pathogenic fungi from all over the world,the whole published species of araneopathogenic fungi were counted.There are 98 species were divided into 3 families,14 genera and an undetermined group.Among that,86 species in 8 genera of Cordycipitaceae;10 species in 4 genera of Ophiocordycipitaceae;1 species in 1 genus of Bionectriaceae;genus Chlorocillium,an unclassified group between Ophiocordycipitaceae and Clavicipitaceae,has 1species.Most of the published species are distributed in East Asia,mainly in Thailand,Japan and China.