| China has experienced rapid urbanization,the ecological and environmental problems derived from urbanization are becoming more and more serious.Among them,the urban heat island effect is also a hot issue concerned by many scholars and government decision-makers.However,the intensity change characteristics and distribution pattern of urban heat island effect in different climatic regions in our country are not clear,and the impact model of climatic factors on heat island effect is not clear,there is also a lack of ecological effects such as urban dry island or rain island derived from urban heat island effect.Therefore,this study is based on annual monthly average temperature and monthly precipitation data from 1991 to 2020,hourly temperature and precipitation data in 2020,the MODIS surface temperature data in 2020,land use/cover data,surface elevation data,and socioeconomic data.The spatiotemporal distribution patterns and influencing factors of Atmospheric Urban heat island effect(AUHI),Surface Urban Heat Island effect(SUHI)and Urban Rain Island effect(URI)in different climatic zones in China are quantitatively studied using methods such as Regional Statistics,Correlation Analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression Models.The research conclusions are as follows:(1)The spatiotemporal patterns of AUHI from 1991 to 2020:(1)The occurrence frequency and intensity of urban heat island effect are the highest in spring and the weakest in winter.After2010,the heat island effect in the Arid climates,Snow climates and Warm temperate climates has all declined,the Equatorial climates and Polar climates have risen.(2)The frequency and intensity of the AUHI are higher in the Warm temperate climates and Arid climates,but relatively weaker in the other climates.(2)The spatiotemporal patterns of SUHI in 2020:(1)the intensity of heat island effect or cold island effect quantified by the meteorological station method is generally higher during the day than at night,and the frequency of cold island effect at night is higher,but the intensity is lower.(2)the difference between day and night is significant,which is characterized by the change of climate zones opposite to the Aihui-Tengchong line,the daytime in summer is significantly higher than that in other seasons.(3)The spatiotemporal patterns of URI from 1991 to 2020:(1)In all seasons,the intensity and frequency of urban dry island effect are higher than those of URI.In summer,the intensity and frequency of urban dry island effect are significantly higher than other seasons,the intensity and frequency of the URI increased significantly after 2010.(2)The Equatorial climates and warm temperate climates show strong URI and strong dry island effect.Other climate zones mostly show weak dry island effect.The strong rain island effect is mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas of the warm temperate climates.(4)Analysis of influencing factors of UHI:(1)Rain-Heat synergistic effect: Local heat island circulation triggers dry island effect in inland areas.Summer monsoon triggers URI in coastal areas,and causes URI and precipitation to shift downstream,aggravating dry island effect in downstream coastal areas.Mountainous cities are affected by topography,and cities on the windward side of hillsides URI appears,and the dry island effect appears in the cities on the leeward side.(2)There is significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity between the SUHI and various factors in each season in 2020.The innovation of this study lies in the differential analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns of the SUHI effect and the SUHI effect in different climatic zones from the national scale.The relationship between the urban heat island effect and precipitation was deeply explored,and the spatial distribution relationship of the influencing factors was excavated by using the GWR model. |
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