Study On The Influence Of Feminization Of Agricultural Labor Force On Crop Production

With the rapid advancement of China's urbanization,a large number of rural labor force transferred to non-agricultural industries.The gender difference in labor force transfer makes rural women gradually become the main force of agricultural labor,presenting a trend of feminization of agricultural labor force.So,under the background of increasingly feminine agricultural labor force,will it affect China's agricultural production,especially the production of food crops?At the same time,with the growing development of China's rural farmland transfer market and outsourcing service market,can the development of the two markets mitigate the impact of changes in the agricultural labor force brought about by feminization on agricultural production?Are there some differences in the "mitigation effects" of the two markets?These are the focus of this paper.It is of great practical significance and policy value for China's agricultural production safety to scientifically understand the feminization of agricultural labor force,clarify the relationship between feminization and agricultural production,and provide scientific empirical basis for the correct response to the feminization of China's agricultural labor force.At present,the relevant literature about the influence of feminization of agricultural labor force on crop production mainly focused on the characteristics of female agricultural labor force and the impact of agricultural production,and lacked empirical research on the influence of agricultural labor force feminization on agricultural production from the perspective of external market environment development.At the same time,the academic community has not formed a unified view of the impact of agricultural labor force feminization on agricultural production.Based on the perspective of agricultural land transfer and outsourcing service market,this paper systematically investigates the influence of agricultural labor force feminization on planting production,with a view to providing relevant supplements in the literature.Based on this,this paper will study the following:(1)The first part sorts out the literature on the feminization of agricultural labor force,especially the research on the relationship between the feminization of agricultural labor force and agricultural production,and reviews the existing research results and extend them by integrating the existing literature,at the same time,constructs the measurement index of agricultural feminization of agricultural labor force by referring to the existing studies in the academic field.(2)The second part,based on the relevant basic theories,constructs the analytical framework of this paper and refines the research hypothesis.According to the relevant statistical yearbook and development statistics bulletin,this part summarizes the current situation of crop production,the degree of feminization of agricultural labor force and the development of external market in China,and gives an overall description from the macro level.(3)The third part empirically studies the influence of agricultural labor feminization on the production decision-making process and planting results of planting industry from the aspects of farmers' planting area,input of agricultural means of production,comprehensive land use efficiency and agricultural income.(4)The fourth part explores the effect of the development of external market on the relationship between agricultural labor force feminization and agricultural production from the perspective of agricultural land transfer and outsourcing service market development.(5)In view of the different effects of agricultural land transfer and outsourcing service markets on the reconfiguration of agricultural production factor inputs,the fifth part further discusses and analyzes whether the two markets have differences in alleviating the impact of agricultural labor force feminization on crop production.Through the research,drawing the following main conclusions:(1)The feminization of agricultural labor force will affect farmers' planting area decision.Specifically,on the premise of a certain area of arable land,households with a more feminized agricultural workforce will timely reduce the proportion of food crops sown,such as the proportion of land sown to rice and wheat crops,and increase the certain economic crop planting area ratio at the same time,such as soybean crops.(2)The feminization of agricultural labor force also affects farmers' planting results.Specifically,the feminization of agricultural labor force has a negative impact on the planting income of food crops,which are in line with the fact that families with a high degree of feminization will reduce the sown area of food crops in time.While it also has a negative impact on farmers' comprehensive land use efficiency,(3)Households with a more feminized agricultural workforce will actively participate in the market to adjust the input of agricultural production factors.For example,farmers will timely reduce the area of agricultural arable land and increase the input of agricultural machinery leasing fees.It will transfer part of agricultural land and replace manpower with machinery to match the level of surplus agricultural labor force,so as to relieve the pressure of producers in agricultural work.(4)The development of farmland transfer market and outsourcing service market will mitigate the negative impact of agricultural labor force feminization on agricultural production to some extent,however,due to the different paths of the two markets,the mitigation effect is different.Specifically,the role of farmland transfer market is mainly reflected in the decision process of planting area.In the case of a well-developed farmland transfer market,it is easier for households with a high proportion of female labor force to transfer out of the land until the area of arable land matches the level of their own Labor force.While the development of outsourcing service market can effectively promote farmers to obtain agricultural machinery and other outsourcing services at reasonable prices,so as to make up for the shortage of agricultural labor force by replacing human resources with machinery.With the development and improvement of China's rural farmland transfer market and outsourcing service market,the development and perfection of the two markets can offset the adverse effects of female labor force on food production because of physiological weakness and weak human capital.From the perspective of agricultural land transfer market and the development of outsourcing service market,it is concluded that the feminization of agricultural labor force does not constitute a complete threat to agricultural production.Finally,according to the results of the study,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:We should further promote the development of the farmland transfer market,improve the system of socialized agricultural services,and cultivate new types of agricultural operators.Through the continuous optimization of the external market environment conditions and the change of internal driving forces,we can better solve the problem of insufficient agricultural labor force caused by the feminization of agricultural labor force.