An Empirical Study On The Impact Of Non-Agricultural Employment On The Expenditure Of Rural Family Children's Extra-Curricular Education

The widespread phenomenon of extra-curricular education has attracted the attention of educational,economic and sociological circles.According to the survey conducted by China Youth Research Center in 2011,76%of families choose to let their children participate in extra-curricular education or training.As a kind of human capital investment with strong inter-generational transmission characteristics,extra-curricular education will make students behave differently in future work,income,social status and so on.Unreasonable allocation of extra-curricular education resources and unequal access to opportunities of extra-curricular education may lead to the solidification of social classes and aggravate social inequality.Therefore,it is very important for policy researchers to straighten up the influencing factors and mechanism of extra-curricular education and formulate targeted policies.It is worth noting that although the academic community has carried out a lot of research on the influencing factors and mechanism of extra-curricular education,most of them are concentrated in urban areas,while the research on extra-curricular education in rural areas is relatively rarely.With the increasing income of rural residents and the improvement of their children's learning conditions,along with the impact of urbanization,even the children of rural residents also have a lot of extra-curricular education.From this perspective,this paper discusses whether the non-agricultural employment of rural families will have an impact on their children's extra-curricular education in the process of urbanization in China under the background of the general non-agricultural employment of farmers.If there is an impact,what is the path of impact?Do different types of non-agricultural employment have different effects on the extra-curricular education of rural family children?The questions above are the focus points of this paper.Based on the research problems,this paper mainly studies on the following parts:(1)This paper constructs an analysis framework of the impact of non-agricultural employment on the investment decision-making of rural family children's extra-curricular education,and makes a theoretical analysis of the impact path to explain the logic behind it.(2)Making a general description of the non-agricultural employment of rural families and their children's extracurricular education.Combined with the micro level and macro level data,this paper describes and analyzes the general trend of non-agricultural employment of rural families,the general trend of extracurricular counseling and descriptive statistics of the relevant characteristics of sample families.(3)To empirical test the impact of non-agricultural employment on rural families' Extra-curricular education expenditure,verify the impact path,and clarify the percentage of different impact mechanisms,and test the robustness of results.(4)Empirical test of different types of non-agricultural employment on the impact of extra-curricular education spending differences,and test the robustness of results.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The trend of non-agricultural employment of rural residents has increased significantly.The wage income and non-agricultural operating income have exceeded the agricultural operating income and become the main source of income for rural families.(2)Rural residents' investment in their children's extracurricular education is increasing year by year,but it still remains at a low level.(3)Households engaged in non-agricultural employment spent 61.8%more on their children's extracurricular education than households engaged in non-agricultural employment.Non-agricultural employment has a significant positive impact on rural residents' Extra-curricular education expenditure.This kind of influence is realized through income and preference channels.At the same time,the proportion of the influence of income on the expenditure of extra-curricular education is 60%.(4)The influence of non-agricultural workers and non-agricultural management on rural families'Extra-curricular education expenditure is significantly positive,and there is a significant difference between them.According to the research conclusion,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions:establish and improve the rural residents' non-agricultural employment service system;accelerate the urbanization process,;promote the development of basic education in rural areas,so as to form a virtuous cycle of "Parents' non-agricultural employment promotes the investment in their children's education,and then promotes their children's non-agricultural employment".