Study On The Investigation Of The Fertility Willingness Of The Implementation Of The "Universal Two-child" Policy In Xiaoshan District,Hangzhou

Half a century ago,China was one of the countries with the lowest per capita economic income in the world,and the population problem constituted a factor which seriously restricted China's social and economic development.Since then,family planning has been going on for nearly 40 years.Family planning has achieved great results,but new problems have emerged.China is now a country with a very low birth rate.The natural population growth rate is only 5‰,which has a negative impact on China's future economic and social development.For the long-term consideration,the government has introduced the "two-child"comprehensive fertility policy with the aim of maintaining the vitality of economic and social development by optimizing the population structure.However,in the implementation of this policy,various problems have appeared,which need to be studied and resolved.On the basis of reading domestic and foreign literature,this study investigated the basic situation of the population in Xiaoshan District,Hangzhou from the perspective of population environment and the status quo of fertility.This study conducted questionnaire design,questionnaire survey and data collection and organization on a series of issues for the childbearing age population in Xiaoshan District,Hangzhou.Such issues included individual and social characteristics,fertility status,fertility willingness,etc..In total,500 copies of questionnaire were distributed and 475 copies of responses were retrieved,of which 450 copies were effective,and the response rate of questionnaire is 94.74%.The results show that in the implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy in Xiaoshan District,Hangzhou,there are problems such as the gap between fertility willingness and fertility behavior,the imbalance of the gender of the population of working ages,the decrease of policy coverage,the impacted system of basic public service,etc..The main reasons have been found to be the high cost of birth,the lack of female employment protecting policy,the shelving of fertility policy,the imbalance between supply and demand of staged basic public resources,etc..In this regard,this study proposes that measures should be introduced to lower the birth cost,women's employment rights should be protected,multi-subject responsibility sharing mechanism should be implemented,the construction of basic public service system should be strengthened,etc..This study is of reference value to the resolve of related problems in Xiaoshan District,Hangzhou.