Research On Improved Multi-primary Consensus Mechanism Based On Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance

The block is the basic unit of blockchain,and the data in the blockchain is stored in the block.In blockchain technology,asymmetric cryptography ensures its security,consensus mechanism ensures its data consistency,and distributed storage ensures its practicability.As the core technology of blockchain,the consensus mechanism determines the nature of blockchain.The performance of the consensus mechanism in terms of consensus efficiency,security and practicability determines the performance of the blockchain.Aiming at the problems of low consensus efficiency and poor scalability caused by the high communication complexity of the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus mechanism,the failure of a single primary or the stoppage of the consensus process caused by Byzantine behavior,Improved Multi-primary Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus mechanism is proposed.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:Firstly,it briefly introduces the significance,design objectives and characteristics of different consensus mechanisms of blockchain consensus mechanism;The characteristics and research status of Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus mechanism are summarized.Secondly,Improved Multi-primary Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus mechanism is proposed.The consensus mechanism defines the number of effective consensus rounds.According to the number of effective consensus rounds,Byzantine nodes can be deprived of the right of consensus,which solves the problem of continuous evil of Byzantine nodes.At the same time,multiple primaries are selected according to the number of effective consensus rounds.Multiple primaries work at the same time,which can solve the problems caused by the exception of a single primary.When multiple primaries work at the same time,the consensus communication structure is improved.Each consensus node only needs to maintain communication with the primaries,the communication complexity can be reduced and the efficiency,scalability,delay and throughput of the consensus are also optimized accordingly.Thirdly,in the peak period of transaction requests,an improved pipeline is introduced to realize the parallel execution of consensus mechanism.The pipeline mechanism increases the number of transactions processed by the consensus mechanism per unit time.In the pipeline consensus,the multi-stage messages of different rounds of consensus are signed uniformly,the number of signatures and signature verification is reduced,and the amount of tasks handled by the consensus mechanism is also reduced.Cancel the use of fixed cycle to control the pipeline,and rely on the consensus mechanism for process control to give full play to the performance of the processor.The introduction of improved pipeline greatly improves the throughput of consensus.Finally,theoretical analysis and simulation results show that Improved Multiprimary Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus mechanism has excellent performance in many aspects;The introduction of "multi-stage message unified signature and no fixed cycle" pipeline greatly improves the transaction throughput of consensus,so that it can handle a large number of transaction requests in peak hours in a more timely manner.