Research On The Changes Of Chinese Middle School Mathematics Elective Courses (1951-2021) ——Take The PEP Textbooks As An Example

During the period of 1951-2021,the curriculum at the middle school has undergone dramatic changes in 8 educational reforms.Although the development process is more tortuous,elective courses have finally reappeared on the stage and played an important role in the middle school.At the same time,the elective courses of mathematics in middle schools have experienced great changes in both form and content.Therefore,this paper sorts out the change process of the elective courses'form and content of mathematics in middle schools in the past 70 years.The practice can study the characteristics of their changes and provide references for the research and teaching of elective courses in mathematics in middle schools.Using literature research method,comparative analysis method and historical research method,this paper takes the middle school mathematics curriculum standards(syllabus)released from 1951 to 2021 as the research object,and conducts a macro research on the changes of high school mathematics elective courses from 1951 to 2021.It is divided into the recovery stage(1951-1966),the innovation stage(1977-2000)and the deepening stage(2001-2021).These periods can clarify the changing context of the form of elective courses in mathematics in middle schools;this paper takes four sets in the past 70 years published by the People's Education Society as the research object to study the content changes of the optional middle school mathematics textbooks in four aspects:appearance setting,column setting,content setting and topic setting;29 middle school mathematics textbooks(13 volumes for junior high school and 16 volumes for senior high school)are used as the research object to study the changes and characteristics of the content of selected subjects in middle school mathematics textbooks.From macro perspective,we study the changes in the form of elective courses in middle school mathematics,and from micro perspective,we understand the changes in the content of elective textbooks in middle school mathematics and the elective content in middle school mathematics textbooks,so as to provide a reference for the teaching and research of elective courses in middle school and make contribution to the development of mathematics in middle schools in China.Through the research,this paper draws the following conclusions:From a macro perspective,the characteristics of the changes in the form of elective courses in middle school mathematics are as follows:?.Changes remain the same;?.Forge ahead in "trial and error".The main reasons for the changes are:?.The social environment is constantly changing;?.The requirements for educating people in the times are constantly improving;?.The mathematics curriculum standards for middle schools are constantly promoting.To study the content changes of middle school mathematics elective textbooks from a microscopic perspective:?.The overall design changes from simplified to complex;?.The content changes from redundant to fine;?.Practical knowledge changes from line to point.From microscopic perspective,we know the content of middle school mathematics selection:?.It is more closely related to the compulsory content;?.The connection between junior high school and high school is closer than before;?.It is more fresh and interesting.