The Impact Of China’s Service Industry Opening On The Gender Wage Gap In Manufacturing

For a long time,the labor structure in the job market has always attracted the attention of scholars and policy makers.Existing research data shows that there is a significant gender wage gap in China and other countries around the world.The topic of this paper is mainly based on the following two reasons:on the one hand,constructing a high-quality employment environment can promote economic development,that is,solving the problem of gender wage gap can promote economic development by giving full play to the positive role of full employment.On the other hand,the opening of the service industry will affect the labor market of the manufacturing industry by optimizing the intermediate input.Therefore,in order to provide empirical support and policy suggestions for solving the gender wage gap in China,based on the perspective of the integration of the service industry and the manufacturing industry,this paper will discuss the opening of Chinese service industry how to affect the results of the gender wage gap in the country’s manufacturing industry and find its mechanism by empirically test.In terms of research purposes,this paper takes solving the problem of gender wage gap as the starting point and end point,starts with the problem of gender wage gap itself,expounds its development status and reasons,and combines the realistic foundation of service industry opening to explore the role of gender wage gap in manufacturing industry.In teims of research methods,this paper draws on previous researches and uses a hierarchical progressive method to construct an explanatory variable--China’s service industry openness index,and uses China’s industrial enterprise database to construct an explanatory variable--gender wage gap index,and establishes the benchmark regression model by using the control variable at the enterprise level.The benchmark regression results show that the opening up of China’s service industry can significantly reduce the gender wage gap in manufacturing.In addition,the wage gap appears to be gradually decreasing,as the opening process of the service industry transitions from allowing foreign investment to enter to allowing foreign holdings and allow ing wholly foreignowned companies.On the basis of benchmark regression,the method of re-measurement of explanatory variables and elimination of sampling bias was used to test the robustness of the results to confirm the robustness of the results.In terms of heterogeneity regression,according to the data provided in the industrial enterprise database,this paper divides enterprises into capital-intensive and laborintensive enterprises,enterprises with export behavior and non-export behavior according to factor intensity,and according to the different locations of enterprises,this paper divides the sample into manufacturing enterprise samples in eastern,middle and western regions,perform group regression according to those grouping results,and get the conclusion of heterogeneity analysis:China’s service industry opening will significantly reduce gender wage gap among labor-intensive manufacturing enterprises,manufacturing firms that have export behaviors and manufacturing firms in eastern China.On the issue of endogeneity,this paper selects the Indian service industry equity restriction index published in the OECD database to construct the Indian service industry openness index,and uses the 2SLS instrumental variable method to solve the model’s endogeneity problem and verify the exogenous of the results.This paper uses the mediation effect test to testify the theoretical mechanism.The results show that the opening of China’s service industry will significantly reduce the gender wage gap by reducing the variable cost of manufacturing enterprises,increasing total factor productivity,and increasing the export propensity of enterprises.Likewise,with the evolution of the open-door policy,the gender wage gap in manufacturing firms has shown a gradual reduction effect.Based on the empirical conclusions,this paper gives policy recommendations from the macro,medium and micro level.The recommendations at the macro level are mainly derived from the conclusions of the benchmark regression results.The government should continue to expand the breadth and depth of the opening up of the service industry,build fair labor standards and systems,give full play to the positive role of the opening of the service industry in narrowing the gender wage gap in the manufacturing industry,At the intermediate level,the results of heterogeneity analysis were mainly compared to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry,and promote the continuous optimization of gender wage environment in manufacturing enterprises of different types and regions.At the micro level,starting from the underlying logic of gender employment discrimination reduce discrimination of the enterprise,strengthen the enterprise employment system,the welfare system of the underlying security construction,incentive within the family men and women workers cost share,increase the female worker working hours and continuity,thus further narrow the gender pay gap.The innovations of this paper are:（1）to expand the relevant research on the gender wage gap from the perspective of the integration of the service industry and the manufacturing industry;（2）to explore the theory in detail that the opening of the service industry affects the gender wage gap in the manufacturing industry from the microenterprise level,and to find the role of the opening of the service industry in narrowing the gender wage gap in manufacturing can be traced from a theoretical mechanism.