| The curriculum standard of physics in senior high school,which was published in 2017,put forward the requirements for the core literacy clearly.Analogical thinking is an important part of scientific thinking of the core literacy,so it is especially important for senior high school students to cultivate their physics analogical thinking.To explore the way to improve the students' analogical thinking ability in senior high school,this research has a survey about the current situation of analogical thinking among senior high school teachers.On the basis of the investigation,the author analyzes the analogical knowledge in electrostatic field units in the physics textbook.Take this section for example,doing a teaching design based on analogical teaching.Finally,to find out whether this design can improve students' ability of analogical thinking,this research uses this teaching design to carry out practical research.At first,in order to know the understanding of senior high school teachers about the analogical thinking and the current situation,this paper conducts a questionnaire on 40 physics teachers in senior high school.According to the results,the findings are as follows:(1)Most teachers pay more attention on the cognition of analogical thinking;(2)In terms of attitudes towards analogical thinking,most teachers think that the cultivation of physics analogical thinking for students in senior high school is very important;(3)Most teachers can adopt the teaching method,but only a few teachers have formed their own analogical teaching system in practice;(4)Teachers hope that they can cultivate the students' ability of analogical thinking not only in their study,but also in their life.Secondly,to have a clear cognition of the analogical knowledge in electrostatic field teaching,this research summarizes the analogical knowledge of electrostatic field units.It is found that:(1)There are 21 analogical knowledge of electrostatic field units in total.There are14 implicit analogical knowledge and 10 direct analogical knowledge;(2)There are 10 implicit analogical knowledge in the chapter 9.There are 7 implicit analogical knowledge and 4 direct analogical knowledge in chapter 10.(3)There are 9 model analogies,8 similar analogies and 4formula analogies in this unit.Then the author makes 3 teaching designs on the basis of analogical teaching model about electrostatic field units.The teaching models based on TWA and FAR are designed,respectively.The TWA teaching model is designed to teach the contents of “Electric field strength” and“capacitance”.And the FAR teaching model is designed to teach the content of “characteristics work”.After analyzing the characteristics of the two teaching modes,it is found that:(1)The TWA teaching model is suitable for learning simple analogical contents,that is,fragmented teaching design;(2)The FAR teaching model is suitable for systematic analogical learning.Next,in order to test whether the teaching design based on analogical teaching can improve students' ability of analogical thinking,this research does a practical research.A comparative experiment was carried out in two parallel classes in the first grade of a middle school.Students in experimental class are taught with analogical teaching,and students in control class are taught in ordinary teaching method.After two months,testing the students' ability of analogical thinking in two classes,respectively.And the paper also interviews the students.According to the interviewing and experiment,the results are as follows:(1)Teaching with systematic analogical thinking method can improve students' analogical thinking ability;(2)Systematic analogical teaching can increase students' interest in learning and deepen students' memory of knowledge;(3)Systematic analogical teaching can help students develop the habit of using analogical thinking to solve the problems.Finally,based on the research results,this paper draws conclusion and has a reflection.Meanwhile,it looks forward to future teaching research.It is hoped that it can provide the suggestions on how to carry out the high-quality analogical teaching for teachers in senior high school.And in teaching process,students' analogical thinking can be improved.And through this research,it can provide suggestion to make up for the deficiency of analogical teaching. |
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