An Analysis Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Production In The Warring States Period, Qin And Han Dynasties

During the Warring States Period,Qin and Han Dynasties,agriculture developed from extensive to intensive cultivation,and traditional agriculture laid the foundation in this period.In the narrow sense,agriculture specifically refers to planting industry,while the broad sense of agriculture includes planting industry and animal husbandry.The agricultural and animal husbandry production discussed in this paper refers to the production situation of the two production departments of planting industry and animal husbandry,thus analyzing and summarizing the agricultural production in the Warring States Period,Qin and Han Dynasties.Agriculture in this period with the development of obvious regional characteristics and regional development,agricultural production roughly to the Great Wall as the boundary,gradually formed two forms of production of agricultural areas and pastoral areas.The farming area formed the difference between the north and the Yellow River basins respectively Planting production gradually formed two modes of dry land farming and irrigation agriculture during this period.During the Warring States Period,Qin and Han Dynasties,the types of crops produced increased than before.Grain crops mainly millet,millet,wheat,Shu,hemp,rice six crops,the first five are more drought resistant.During the pre-Qin period,the planting scope and area in the northern areas were larger than that in the south.The dryland crops in the two Han Dynasties began to expand outside the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins,and the northwest grassland areas and Lingnan hilly areas gradually began to grow dry crops in large areas.With productivity,the proportion of various crops changed significantly at different periods and places.Crop cultivation evolved from millet and millet before the Warring States Period to millet and Shu in the Warring States Period Food production,until the Western Han Dynasty wheat replaced Shu,until the Eastern Han Dynasty rice began to occupy the main position,after the Eastern Han Dynasty wheat and rice became the main food crops.Cash crops mainly include mulberry hemp,oil,sugar materials,dyes,vegetables and fruits and other supplementary food crops and crops that produce economic value.The cash crops of this period,except mulberry hemp,did not form a certain scale,roughly concentrated in the estates around the city for specialized production.Cash crop production has higher environmental requirements than food crops,so the production of these crops is different in the north and south.Growers of Sang Ma in the Warring States,Qin and Han Dynasties The Yellow River basin is the center,but its planting range is all over the country.With the development of the Yangtze River region,the planting center of mulberry hemp has changed,forming multiple silk centers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Sugar is mainly sugarcane planting,the planting trend is mainly centered on the two wide,mainly south of the Yangtze River basin,the oil is mainly sesame,since the Western Han Dynasty in Guanzhong area in the north;the dye mainly Polygonum blue,grass,wood,gardenia,rehmannia,yellow,soap bucket,its production is concentrated in this period,planting scale and scope is not considerable,but in Chengdu,Shandong and Henan and other developed silk weaving areas There is plenty of planting.The development of animal husbandry in the Warring States Period,Qin and Han Dynasties was relatively rapid,mainly with two official battalion and private modes of production.In The pre-Qin period,it was mainly official camp,and the grassland area was still grazing by nomadic people.After the Western Han Dynasty,the private industry gradually developed,and the animal husbandry production in the northwest grassland area developed on a large scale,which gradually formed the farming area and animal husbandry area.In this period,the boundary was roughly bounded by the Jieshi line of Longmen ——,the animal husbandry area in the north and the area as the farming area in the south.Breeding species are different in different forms of production.The pastures in the animal husbandry area are mainly horses,cattle and sheep,among which the camp pasture is mainly horses ",In private pastures,sheep are dominate.The official animal husbandry in the farming area is mainly horse,cattle and sheep,but the breeding of poultry and birds and animals is increased.The private animal husbandry in the farming area mainly includes zhuang production and family breeding,and its production types are mainly small livestock including pigs,dogs,chickens,followed by cattle,mules,donkeys,horses,sheep,etc.,the development mode of agricultural farming and animal husbandry appears in the farm.From the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties,animal husbandry gradually developed to an independent agricultural department,becoming an agricultural component relative to the planting industry.The Han period made agricultural production develop in agricultural areas and animal husbandry areas,and laid Chinese agriculture Two major economic production departments,mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry.The relationship between agricultural and animal husbandry production was also obviously integrated in the two Han period,and the planting and production of animal husbandry areas and animal husbandry in farming areas gradually appeared.In addition,the planting industry in the north and south of the agricultural areas of the Warring States,Qin and Han Dynasties also gradually broke through the regional restrictions.The crops spread widely across the country,laying the foundation for the formation of an important agricultural production center in the country,and the agricultural production had a new development trend in this period.