A Study Of Modern Chinese Non-definition Structure "what Ya"

In Modern Chinese,the interrogative Pronoun"Shenme(什么)"may participate in forming many negative definition forms,forming the"Shenme"sentence pattern group which expresses the negative meaning.In this sentence group,the interrogative pronoun"Shenme"can be matched with several parts of speech,and its grammatical position varies.In these formats,"Shenme"is mainly used with notional parts of speech,but there is also one that is only used with modal parts of speech,that is the negative meaning structure"Shenme ya(什么呀)".The form of"Shenme ya"in the negative definition structure is short and fixed,but it is very special because it is marked by questions in exclamatory sentences to express negation,this is also involved in the question,exclamation,negative interaction between the three categories of cross-relations.Therefore,we believe that the study of this negative definition format is very necessary and meaningful.On the basis of a large number of spoken and written language materials,this paper makes a comprehensive study of "Shenme ya",a negative definition form,by means of a combination of description and interpretation,comparative analysis and summary.Based on the theory of three planes,this paper analyzes the Syntactic,semantic and pragmatic features of the negative structure of "Shenme ya".Then,this paper studies the negative mechanism of the negative structure "Shenme ya",which is composed of syntactic mechanism,pragmatic mechanism and cognitive mechanism.Finally,this paper compares the similarities and differences of "Shenme ya" with "Nali ya" and "Shei ya",which are also composed of interrogative pronouns and modal particles.The first part is the syntactic study of the negative structure "Shenme ya","Shenme ya" is composed of "Shenme" and "Ya",and its syntactic function is independent,but it does not only appear at the beginning of the responding sentence,it can also be found in the middle and the end of a sentence.The syntactic features include: short and fixed form;no typical notional words and The negative object is omitted;and often accompanied by explanatory clauses.The second part is the semantic study of the negative form of "Shenme ya".First,we study its semantic types,we think that it is not used to deny the rationality of the other dialect,but to deny the existence of the events in the other dialect,the existence of the above-mentioned denial is a semantic category,there is also a category used to enigrate the object of their own language.When the negative form "Shenme ya" is used to deny the existence of the events in the speech,the semantic features of the semantic type are subjectivity and accidency,and when the negative form " Shenme ya" is used to disparage the object,the semantic feature of this semantic type is subjectivity only.The third part is the pragmatic study of the negative form of "Shenme ya".The pragmatic features of the negative form of "Shenme ya" include: Heavy Pronunciation and sharp tone;The speech function includes: Denial and refutation,dissatisfaction and rebuke,and modesty and politeness.The fourth part studies the negation mechanism of the negative definition form "Shenme ya".The syntactic mechanism of negation is mainly Ellipsis,the pragmatic mechanism is mainly stress and the psychological mechanism of "no doubt",and the cognitive mechanism is mood metaphor and salience.The fifth part is a comparative study of the negative definition structure "shenme ya" and its close forms.There are also "Nali ya","Shei ya",which is also composed of interrogative pronouns and modal particles,but I have a negative usage,we compared the similarities and differences of the three.