Lu Shanji's Study Of The Four Calligraphy

The study of the Four Books is one of the important achievements in the hermeneutic of Chinese classics.In the late Ming Dynasty,scholars interpreted the Four Books one after another,forming a trend of "New Study of Four Books".In this trend,the Yangming's studies in northern areas showed the characteristics of paying attention to practice,actively engaged in politics and communicating with Zhu and Wang.In this paper,Lu Shanji,a representative figure in the northern Yannan region,is selected as the research object,and classical hermeneutics is used as the research tool to deeply analyze the characteristics of his hermeneutic of the Four Books and the system of mind based on his hermeneutic of the Four Books.Lu Shanji was born in a family of loyalty,filial piety and justice.He has a clear conscience in virtue,does not strive for fame and wealth,is not afraid of power.He is loyal to the country,diligent in politics and love the people,and have a ambition to be a sage.The academic origin of his family,the thought of the Lu and Wang,the later scholar of the Wang Yangming's study,the Neo-Confucianism,and the communication with the people of Donglin are the important sources of his thoughts.Lu Shanji's learning of the Four Books is based on his own understanding of the past and integrates the present perspective,so it has its own characteristics of hermeneutic.His hermeneutics of the Four Books has a distinctive color of Wang's learning,and at the same time,he takes something from Cheng and Zhu's Neo-Confucianism.In the attitude of hermeneutic,it emphasizes that meeting intention with sympathetic understanding,and in the orientation of hermeneutic,it pays attention to the unity of the concepts of Neo-Confucianism and Confucian classics,and shows the characteristics of superschool because it adopts both the viewpoints of Buddhism,Taoism and other schools.Through the hermeneutic of the Four Books,Lu Shanji constructed his own system of mind learning.This paper,based on ontology,cultivation and the view of knowledge and action,reveals the philosophical thoughts contained in Lu Shanji's hermeneutic of the Four Books and tries to restore the whole picture of his system of the philosophy of the mind.Lu Shanji took the mind as the noumenon,and believed that the mind and the sky are the same,so it can participate in the creation of heaven and earth,and the mind is the root of all things,or the master of the body.The noumenon of the mind is true,sincere and without any emotion,just as human is kind by nature,and the nature of the destiny is the benevolence of all things as one.With the mind as the noumenon,the work should also be done in the mind.To be a human being,firstly should be aspire to become sainted and virtuous,and through the effort of "making the mind right and making the thoughts sincere" to get rid of the mind of selfishness,restore the hidden sincerity of the mind.With the sincere mind for the weight can know the shame,knowing shame can do self-control and character cultivation.Long-term collection of righteousness and nourishing spirit of fearlessness can cultivate the work of tranquillity,and finally achieve the state of no fear.At the same time,Lu Shanji also emphasized the effort of firsthand experience,and put forward that the filial piety in daily moral practice is the foundation of human being,and only by virtue of rites and music can we achieve the state of "harmony"in the heart.His emphasis on practice accords with Yangming's principle of "unity of knowledge and action".Cognition is also based on conscience.Knowledge is not self-deception.Only the knowledge that is put into practice in specific matters of daily use and ethics is real knowledge.Therefore,his theory of "anti-seeking"including two links of "return to the heart" and "physical practice".For the attitude of learning,he maintains that learning time is joy time,and the work of "learning and reviewing it from time to time" requires the anger to recall the original mind,and then continuously practice what they have learned.Only in this way can they feel the real joy brought by the popularity of the mind.Lu Shanji's thoughts on the Four Books play an important role not only in the improvement and dissemination of the ideological system of mind,but also in the enrichment of the case studies on the Four Books.Its influence on later generations is not only reflected in the academic,but also reflected in the implementation of achievements and the shaping of personality.