| Ren é Girard is a famous anthropologist,literary theorist and thinker come from French.He found a theory called Scapegoat theory.It means killing a scapegoat in exchange for the peace of community.On the basis of a comprehensive study of historical documents,novels,poems and myths and legends,he found the theory of scapegoat,and drew a conclusion that "human beings are born from numerous repetitions of the theory of scapegoat.The traces of this theory are generally found in those myths,in those religious sacrificial rites,and in those oldest folk festivals and even in drama." Gilard examined literary texts from the perspective of anthropology,creatively discovered the wide application of scapegoat theory in literary texts,called the texts containing scapegoat theory persecution texts,and combed out four types of persecution texts.Based on whether the scapegoat was transformed twice(sacred scapegoat),the persecution texts were divided into general persecution texts and gods In Girard’s view,myth itself is a kind of persecution text,which provides a new perspective for text interpretation.At present,the focus of this theory in the field of Chinese literature is relatively low.In addition to the study of Girad’s own thoughts,such as Ding Wenjing’s analysis of Girard’s theory of imitation desire,Fengshounong’s new interpretation of René Girard ’s Bible,René Girard’s new interpretation of Oedipus God’s word,René Girard’s comment on the myth and the scapegoat theory of journey to the West,In addition to the review and analysis of Girard’s concept of "imitating desire" by Tao Yanke,there are only a few studies on Chinese literary texts by scapegoat theory,and only a relatively simple analysis is made on such texts as journey to the west,Huainanzi,romance of the Three Kingdoms and Bailuyuan.Through reading the myths and novels in Chinese literature,I find the particularity of the scapegoat theory in Chinese culture.According to Girard,only the scapegoat in the myth text can be transformed twice,but the Western myths studied by Girard are quite different from those in China.According to my research on theory and texts,I find that Girard emphasizes a kind of God Speech thinking and folk position.Therefore,the scapegoat theory in the perspective of Chinese literary texts is different from that in western literary texts,which also constitutes the particularity of scapegoat theory in Chinese literary texts--scapegoat only produces two transformations(sanctification)in persecution texts with both mythological thinking and folk standpoint;one transformation(expulsion)in other types of persecution texts Or death).This paper will be divided into three chapters to explain the particularity of scapegoat theory in Chinese literary texts.The first chapter introduces René Girard’s theory of scapegoat theory,including the definition of scapegoat theory,the relationship between scapegoat theory and literature,the introduction of persecution text theory and the concept of scapegoat sanctification.The second chapter will study the types of scapegoats in Chinese literary texts,including the inner marginal type and the outer marginal type as well as the invalid scapegoat type,and from the invalid scapegoat to explore the fate trend of the scapegoat and the collective after the failure of the scapegoat theory.That is to say,through the plot of the novel,the theory of scapegoat is discussed in reverse,so as to realize the interaction between the text and the theory.The third chapter studies the expression of scapegoat sanctification and violence dilution in Chinese literary texts.The fourth chapter is the conclusion,which extends from the role of scapegoat theory in literature to the height of anthropology,from the perspective of the construction and operation of human society to understand the role of scapegoat theory in today’s world,trying to find a way to resolve violent persecution,so that scapegoat tragedy will not repeat. |
