Research On Ecological Compensation Based On Spatial Simulation Of Water Production Service Flow

Affected by global climate change and the over-exploitation and utilization of natural resources and environment by human beings,a series of problems such as natural environment degradation have resulted in the loss of ecosystem service supply capacity to varying degrees.The rational allocation of water resources and the protection of ecological environment have always been the important premise of regional sustainable development.As a gathering area of water resources,the ecosystem service of river basin has been paid much attention by scholars at home and abroad,and is one of the hot spots in the study of ecology.At present,there is not enough research on ecosystem services,ecosystem service flows and ecological compensation in the basin.Firstly,the research on supply and demand of ecosystem services in the basin mainly focuses on spatial correlation,and the research on spatial mismatch of supply and demand in different regions of ecosystem services is not in-depth enough.Secondly,most scholars have conducted qualitative research on the ecosystem service flow,and a few have mapped the path of the service flow,but there are few researches on how to quantify the ecosystem service flow.Finally,for the study of ecological compensation in the basin,there is no subdivision of the subject and object of ecological compensation in the basin,and there is still a lack of research on quantifying the compensation payment value between the subject and object of ecological compensation.In this way,the compensation problem of ecological offshoring cannot be properly solved.At the same time,no scholars have studied ecological compensation from the perspective of ecosystem service flow.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on ecosystem services in the basin,quantitatively study ecosystem service flows,and study ecological compensation from the perspective of ecosystem service flows.It has important theoretical significance to perfect the ecosystem service theory system and ecological compensation mechanism.And it has important practical value to reasonably allocate water resources and establish the ecological compensation mechanism of water resources scientifically and objectively.Based on the relevant theories of geography and ecology,this paper applied the InVEST model to quantify and map the water production services of the ecosystem in the Beiluo river basin,and constructed the water demand model.The spatial correlation analysis of supply and demand of water production service is carried out by comparing supply and demand of ecosystem services.On this basis,the spatial flow of water production service is simulated.Finally,based on the perspective of ecosystem service flow,the ecological compensation subject and object of water production service are identified.The flow rate is used as the measurement standard of ecological compensation payment,and the ecological compensation is quantitatively mapped.In order to provide a scientific ecological compensation scheme for the Beiluo river basin and provide corresponding suggestions for the management and protection of the ecological environment in the Beiluo river basin.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)In 2005,2011 and 2017,the water production and service volume of the ecosystem in the Beiluo river basin was 573 million cubic meters,1.012 billion cubic meters and 763 million cubic meters,respectively.The spatial distribution of the water yield of the ecosystem in the basin is uneven,and the distribution is mainly polarized,with less in the northwest and more in the southeast and less in the upstream and more in the middle and lower reaches.From 2005 to 2017,the change trend of the total amount of water production services in the ecosystem showed an"inverted V" pattern of first increasing and then decreasing.The overall performance is increased.(2)In 2005,2011 and 2017,the demand for water resources in the Beiluo river basin was 714 million cubic meters,959 million cubic meters and 1.03 billion cubic meters,respectively.The influence of economic development on the domestic and production water consumption is increasing year by year.The demand of water resources is influenced by landform,population density and spatial distribution of natural resources.Its spatial distribution is mainly manifested in the high demand of water resources in the upper reaches of Wuqi county,the middle and lower reaches of Huangling county and Luochuan county,and the lower reaches of Guanzhong plain.(3)From 2005 to 2017,the ratio of supply and demand increased first and then decreased.The water supply and demand ratio was-0.014 in 2005,0.004 in 2011 and-0.021 in 2017.This shows that the whole basin has been in a state of water scarcity.The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the basin is prominent.(4)The spatial flow discovery of simulated ecosystem water production services in the basin.The upstream area belongs to the extremely poor water area,the middle area is the main water service supply area,and the downstream area is the benefit area.The total volume of service flows from upstream to downstream of ecosystem water production services in the basin is:247 million cubic meters in 2005,318 million cubic meters in 2011 and 312 million cubic meters in 201 7.The overall performance is an increasing trend.(5)Ecological compensation was calculated based on ecosystem service flow in the basin.The compensated areas in the basin are mainly the water source areas in the upper stream and the areas with high vegetation coverage in the middle stream.The total amount of value to be compensated in the basin from 2005 to 2017 shows an"inverted V" trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the basin has been aggravating.The most compensated sub-basin is sub-basin no.11,which belongs to the middle reaches of Beiluo river(from Zhidan county to Ganquan county).The basin with the largest amount of ecological compensation is no.38,which is located at the junction of Dali county,Heyang county and Pucheng county in the lower reaches of Beiluo river.