From Recognition To Action

People live in a complex and changeable world,the external environment always provides humans with the possibilities of various behavior and action.Tools are created by mankind for certain purpose of use.There is always a close relationship between their visual recognition and their corresponding actions,which has been widely concerned by researchers.The spatial stimulus-response compatibility paradigm is often used to study the relationship between them.When the present position of the stimulus(left or right)is consistent with the position of the spatial response(left or right),the subjects' response is faster than that of the inconsistent response,which is called the spatial compatibility effect.Some researchers had used this paradigm to explore the compatibility effect between the orientation of the graspable object handle and the response hand.The results had shown that the faster reaction time and less error rates in the compatible than in the incompatible stimulus-response condition.This phenomenon was known as the orientation effect.However,little is known about how the processing of this effect develops over time in the current behavioral research.Meanwhile,we also need to be sensitive to the changes of the target objects in real life,and make timely adjustment of cognition and action to cope with various possible emergencies.There are few studies on the dynamic change of those objects.Therefore,this paper through three experiments to research the processing of human beings to visual objects is viewed from a dynamic perspective.In Experiment 1,some graspable objects with handles were selected as stimulus materials,and the stimulus-response compatibility paradigm used by Tucker and Ellis in 1998 was repeated to verify whether these stimuli can produce significant orientation effect.The results showed that the stimulus materials were effective.In Experiment 2,the integrity of the object handles were dynamically altered.That is,the handles may remain intact,or it may become broken after a period of time(50ms,150ms,250ms),The three time conditions were designed to within-subjects and between-blocks.In each block,the trials of intact handles and broken handles were randomly presented but the two possibilities were equal.In the block which the handles may be broken after 50ms,the results suggested that the intact condition did not produce the orientation effect,while the broken condition showed a similar spatial compatibility effect.In the block which the handles may be broken after 150ms,whether the handles were intact or broken,the response was faster when the handle direction was consistent with the response hand than when it was inconsistent,but the orientation effect was significant only under the intact condition.In the block which the handles may be broken after 250ms,the orientation effect was not significant under the intact condition,while the spatial compatibility effect did not appear under the broken condition.The above results demonstrated that when the broken change appeared at different time points,the pattern of orientation effect was different.In order to rule out that the attention capture effect caused by unilateral spatial change led to the results of Experiment 2.In Experiment 3,the stimulus materials were adjusted to completely symmetrical container objects.Similarly,in half of the trials,the left or right side of the symmetrical objects would become broken after a period of complete presentation,and all the others were the same as Experiment 2.The results didn't suggest any significant spatial compatibility effect.After the combined analysis of the broken conditions in Experiment 2 and Experiment 3,it was found that the response time of the broken location consistent with the response hand was significantly shorter than that of the inconsistent,and the significant spatial compatibility effect appeared when the broken change occurred after 50ms,which was similar to the results in experiment 2.The only difference between the two experiments was whether the stimulus materials had unilateral spatial salience(i.e.,the salient handles).The results showed that the attention capture only based on the broken change was not enough to have a significant impact on the motor response,and it was necessary to consider whether the subjects had a bias of attention processing to the objects before the change.The handle of the objects,as a salient grasping part played an important role in the generation of orientation effect.Based on the above experimental results and analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:1.Human beings can quickly recognize objects.In a simple judgment task,150ms is enough to complete the visual recognition of processed objects.2.The broken changes that occur at different time results in different pattern of the orientation effect.It is suggested that the different time points of the broken changes may affect the different stages of the orientation effect,and the underlying mechanism may be different.3.The handles of graspable objects are crucial to the generation of the orientation effect.