A Second Language Acquisition Study Of Chinese Apology Speech Act

Based on the theory of construction grammar and speech act,this paper investigates the acquisition of Chinese Apology speech act,and provides suggestions for its teaching and textbook compilation.Chinese Apology speech act consists of apology words and apology strategies.Therefore,there are seven chapters in this paper,which are divided into three parts:the investigation of Chinese Apology words and their acquisition,the investigation of Chinese Apology Strategies and their acquisition,the investigation of the arrangement of apology words and strategies in textbooks and the teaching suggestions.In the first chapter,the significance,background and feasibility of the topic are explained,and the theories of construction grammar and apology speech act at home and abroad are combed.At present,the application of construction grammar theory in the field of acquisition is one of the hot spots in the academic field.It has profound theoretical basis and practical significance to study the acquisition process of Chinese Apology speech based on construction grammar theory and speech act theory.In the second chapter,through the valence grammar,this paper combs the basic attributes of the construction of apology words,including the way and meaning of coordination.Apology words can be divided into verb,noun and adjective parts of speech in terms of part of speech.There are frame structure and non frame structure,including complete form and ellipsis form.In terms of meaning,it can be divided into four categories based on different starting points.In the third chapter,based on the HSK dynamic composition corpus,we investigate the output of apology words and explore the internal mechanism of learners’ acquisition of apology words.The output of learners mainly includes partial output and correct output.There are four kinds of partial output:selection error,mismatch order of coordination components,incomplete coordination components and misuse of coordination components.Correct output refers to the way of coordination of apology words,including the location,usage and selection of components.From the output,we explore the internal acquisition mechanism of learners,that is,the internal acquisition mechanism that dominates the process of learners’ acquisition is a kind of "coordination consciousness",which is possessed and mastered in different levels and stages.In the fourth chapter,this paper examines the classification and hierarchy of common apology strategies in Chinese.From the perspective of pragmatics,Chinese apology strategies can be divided into six categories,namely,direct or explicit apology strategies,responsibility bearing strategies,expressing concern or asking about the attitude and state of the other party,ensuring restraint strategies,explaining strategies,proposing or compensating strategies and remedial strategies.From the cognitive perspective,Chinese Apology speech act has a prototype category,from direct speech act to indirect speech act,the language power is gradually weakened,so six apology strategies can be divided into two levels,the first level is composed of direct speech act,the second level is composed of direct+indirect speech act.In the fifth chapter,we investigate the characteristics of apology strategies used in the output corpus.The results show that social distance,social power and gender have some influence on the choice of apology strategies.The further the social distance between learners and hearers,the less apology strategies and types they use,and the larger the proportion of the first level apology strategies.The weaker the social power of learners compared with the hearers,the more apology strategies and types they use,and the larger the proportion of the first level apology strategies.Under the same social relationship and social power,the apology strategies in the output of female learners are more than that of male learners.In the sixth chapter,this paper investigates the arrangement of apology words and strategies in eight kinds of textbooks.Generally speaking,the content involved in the textbook can meet the basic apology needs of learners,but there are still some problems in the number,type,recurrence rate,coordination method,explanation,etc.This paper also puts forward the corresponding arrangement and teaching suggestions for these problems.In the seventh chapter,this paper summarizes the research contents and conclusions,and points out the shortcomings.