Lv Liuliang's Research On The Four Calligraphy Thoughts Of "discrimination" And "zheng"

Lü Liu-liang,who styled himself as Zhuangsheng,Yonghui,Dongzhuang,Wancun and Heqiulaoren,was a scholar,thinker,litterateur and publisher in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.Lü Liu-liang had participated in the armed struggle against the Qing dynasty in his early years.After his failure,he was forced to change his name to take the exam and became a Xiucai.Later,he quit and went into publishing,met with famous people,selected examination articles and published books on neo-Confucianism,which was widespread at the time.More than forty years after Lü Liu-liang's death,under the influence of Zeng Jing's literary inquisition,his grave and body were destroyed,his descendants became slaves.It was not until the republic of China that his works attracted people's attention again.The late Ming and early Qing dynasties were a very important period in the history of Chinese thought.The turmoil in the political environment has also caused earthshaking changes in the intellectual world,and many new trends of thought have emerged.Lü Liuliang highly praised the Four Books throughout his life,especially Zhu Xi's Chapter and Sentence Notes of the Four Books.He advocated going back to Zhu Xi and was a representative scholar of Zhu Xi's school.Handouts about the Four Books,which was compiled and selected by Lü Liu-liang and Chen Cong,was the concentrated embodiment of his thoughts of study of the Four Books.The Four Books specifically refers to the four Confucian classics of University,The Doctrine of the Mean,The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.The study of the Four Books were formally born from Zhu Zi's Chapter and Sentence Notes of the Four Books.Lü Liu-liang repeatedly studied Zhu Zi's Chapter and Sentence Notes and engaged in academic research.His academic thoughts also explained and invented in the framework of the Four Books.Therefore,it is more appropriate to analyze Lü Liu-liang's thoughts from the perspective of study of the Four Books.Based on Lü Liu-liang's Handouts about the Four Books and other works such as his poems and letters,this paper takes the relationship between Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism as the starting point to study the contents of Lü Liu-liang's thoughts of study of the Four Books,and analyzes from two aspects:distinguishing heresy and purifying Confucianism.Distinguishing heresy and purifying Confucianism is a deepening and expansion of the old summary of Lü Liu-liang-"honor Zhu Zi against Wang Yangming",and it is also the main work and ultimate ideal of Lü Liu-liang's study of the Four Books.In the part of distinguishing heresy,Lü Liu-liang attacked Buddhism and Taoism,and consciously distinguished the concepts of difference and similarity between religions and Confucianism.He denied Xinxue and the fusion of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.He believed that the harmfulness of Xinxue was mixed with the misconceptions of Paganism.He tried to cancel the legitimacy of Xinxue,and at the same time,he also criticized Shigongzhixue and some scholars of Zhu Xi's school.In the part of purifying Confucianism,Lü Liu-liang sanctified Confucianism,tried to rebuild faith,and regarded Confucius,Mencius and Cheng,Zhu as one thing.Based on the ethics of obligation theory,Lü Liu-liang valued the distinction between righteousness and benefit.He believed that Confucianists must choose righteousness without hesitation,and emphasized the importance of the Chuchu problem.He agreed with and practiced the practice of" knows the impracticalness of the times,and is yet trying to do something".In addition,he explained the classic methods of interpretation that focus on word exegesis,grasp the purpose of the article,and analyze the text grammar.Lü Liu-liang's thoughts on study of the Four Books have the characteristics of emphasizing the function of words,clear and radical flags,external contradictions and internal connections.It regards "distinguishing heresy" as a means and "purifying Confucianism" as the foundation.Although Lü Liu-liang's thoughts were more inherited and less invented,there were some defects,but they were undoubtedly an important part of the spirit of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,and an integral part of academics in the Qing Dynasty.Due to the influence of the literary inquisition,the direct influence of Lü Liu-liang s thought may not be profound,but the indirect influence,either explicit or implicit,has always existed.To this day,Lü Liu-liang's thought still has some practical significance.