Turkish Military-political Relations: 1971-1989

Turkey's geopolitical position is important,its historical process is splendid,its development path is tortuous and it has a wide-ranging impact on regional countries.At the end of 2012,Erdogan's Justice and Development party's long-term governance in Turkey and its policy agenda have aroused the attention of academia and politics to Turkey.Under the influence of historical,social and cultural factors,the Turkish army occupies an important position in both history and real political life.As the defender of Ataturk and the republic,the special political status of the army has given it the possibility to intervene the politics,and the series of crises Turkey has encountered in the process of modernization and the inability of the civilian government to deal with them have enabled the army to solve them in their own way.After the military in 1960,the Turkish military intervened in politics twice in 1971 and 1980.Although the methods and processes of these two military interventions have been different,they have had a profound impact on Turkey's civil-military relations and political democratization.In the two military interventions,the Turkish military intervened in politics by supporting the civilian government to rule indirectly and building the military government to rule directly.Both showed many Middle East countries and the common characteristics of developing countries,and the particularity of civil-military relations with many different from other countries,the phenomenon of the Turkish civil-military relations and political development have great enlightening significance.This paper sorts out the specific historical events of the military intervention in 1971 and 1980 and the 1970s and 1980s,and then analyzes and studies the civil-military relations in the 1970s and 1980s,discusses the causes,process and political implications of the coup in Turkey in the 1970s and 1980s,and then studies the reasons and significance of the tortuous development path of Turkey.This paper is divided into three chapters.The first chapter mainly describes the Turkish civil-military relations in the 1970s,first introduced the Turkish army from the Ottoman empire to the period of the republic of political status,analyzes the process of the Turkish military's gradual establishment of its dominant position in society and the country,and then analyzes the background,process and influence of military interventions in 1971,and then take the Cyprus problem.the struggle between left and right forces in Turkey as an example expounds the domestic and foreign factors influencing the civil-military relations.The second chapter mainly describes the civil-military relations in Turkey in the 1980s,and analyzes the background,process and influence of military intervention in the 1980s,taking the 1982 constitutional amendment and subsequent institutional arrangements and the conflict and cooperation between the Turkish military and civilian government on the Kurdish issue and political Islam as examples to analyze the civil-military relations in the 1980s.The third chapter compares the characteristics of military intervention in 1971 and 1980,analyzes the universality of military intervention in reality basis,intervention mode and governance characteristics,as well as the special characteristics of military intervention in transition,state and class,and expounds the deep reasons for the contradictions and conflicts between military and civilian government.The conclusion part once again reviews the development of Turkey's civil-military relations in the 1970s and 1980s.It points out that military interventions can not fundamentally solve the modern crisis facing Turkey.The key to resolving the contradictions and conflicts between the military and the civil government lies in finding a path that suits the country and accepted by the two sides.