| China is a large agricultural country and a large corn planting country.It is rich in corn stalk resources,but the straw return rate is less than 1/3 of that of developed countries such as the United States and Britain.This not only wastes resources,pollutes the environment,but also adversely affects the sustainable development of cultivated land.After the corn stalks are crushed,they are returned to the field in an appropriate amount and matched with the field returning machinery.It can improve the structure of the soil arable layer,improve the soil fertility,and ultimately achieve the effect of reducing operating costs and increasing crop yields.For a long time,there is no uniform standard for the amount of corn stalk returning to the field at Hongqiling Farm,and the matching machinery for returning to the field is chaotic,resulting in low income from corn planting.To solve the above problems,this article analyzes the amount of corn stalk returning to the field and the key machinery for returning to the field at Hongqiling Farm.Research,after determining the optimal amount of returning to the field through comparative experiments,researching the selection and matching of the key machinery in the straw returning to the field,finally came to the following conclusions:(1)According to the actual production conditions of Hongqiling Farm,five different return quantities of corn stalks were divided into 0,3250,6500,9750 and 13000kg/hm~2.The comparison test of different return quantities was carried out in the experimental field,and the corn stalks were returned to the field.During the entire growth period of the plant,four representative stages,namely the emergence stage,jointing stage,milk maturity stage,and maturity stage,were screened.The effects of different amounts of return to the field during the same period were compared to soil temperature,water content,soil bulk density,organic matter content,and corn growth status.And the influence of yield,it is concluded that the most suitable land return for Hongqiling Farm is 13000 kg/hm~2 in full return.Under the condition of fully returning to the field,the effect of different soil moisture content,burial time,straw crushing length,and burial depth on the decomposing law of corn stalks was studied,and it was concluded that the soil moisture content was the most important factor for corn stalk decomposing,followed by Turning burying time,turning depth and length of straw.The optimal combination is soil moisture content of 29.25%,straw burial time 150 days,burial depth 10cm,and straw crushing length 4cm.(2)Among the existing corn harvesters and those to be purchased at Hongqiling Farm,6candidate models were selected,6 necessary evaluation indexes were set,and the second-order fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory was combined to obtain 6 pre-selected harvesters.The overall score,from high to low,is John Deere S670 harvester 24.1904 points>Case 6130harvester 22.7144 points>Case 6088 harvester 21.2157 points>Case 4088 harvester 18.1806points>John Deere C230 harvester 9.5971 points>John Deere 3316 harvester is 4.9239 points,which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of corn harvester on Hongqiling Farm.(3)Among the key machinery for returning corn stalks to the field on Hongqiling Farm,6straw shredders and 6 straw turning burial machines were pre-selected,and the multivariate comprehensive evaluation method was adopted to obtain the most suitable corn stalk shredding machine for Hongqiling Farm.Maschio TORNADO230,Dongfanghong 1JH-250,Gran 4J-280,Gran RXN400,Kaiyuan Dao Shen 1JH-172,Ruiyuan 1JH-230;the buried models are Besson HRPB71,Lecanop7,Kuhn MM1535T,Kuhn MM1534T,Mu Shen 1LFT550,Longfeng 1LFT450.The best combination of the key machinery for returning corn stalks to the field is the Maschio pulverizer and Besson HRPB71 turning and burying machine.When the number of machinery is sufficient,the model with a high comprehensive score is preferred for cooperation. |
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