| With the development of tourism and ecological civilization construction,ecotourism destination has become a popular choice for people to travel.As one of the stakeholders of tourism development,community residents play a vital role in the healthy development of tourism.However,the rapid development of eco-tourism has led to rapid changes in the local landscape and the values attached landscape change as well,affecting the perception and behavior of community residents,which result in a series of complex social issues.China has a large number of eco-landscape tourism destinations.Relying on these eco-landscapes,eco-tourism has been developed rapidly and land use types have been changed significantly.Changes of local landscape and landscape value have certain influence on the attitude,psychology and behavior of community residents.Paying attention to the changes of landscape value is helpful to understand the impact of tourism development and landscape change on community residents and to guide rational tourism planning and management decisions,which can help the healthy development of ecotourism.At the same time,it provides a good reference for the study of landscape value change.In this study,we selected the Qionghai National Wetland Park in Xichang as a case study,and 393 valid questionnaires and maps were obtained by semi-structured interview and participatory mapping,1830 valid location points were collected.Through the analysis of "qualitative-spatial",we obtained 4059 landscape value nodes(1254 nodes are before tourism development and 2805 after tourism development)by qualitative coding.By comparing the landscape value and spatial distribution before and after tourism development,the study explores the impact of tourism development on residents’perception of landscape value.By analyzing the spatial characteristics of landscape value changes before and after tourism development,this study probes into the corresponding relations between landscape value changes and Production-Living-Ecological space changes and negative perception.Further,study recognizes the formation and influence mechanism of landscape value changes.This study not only enriches the theoretical system of landscape change research,but also provides an interpretation approach to the social effects of landscape change and a reference for the future development of tourism and community governance.The main conclusions are:(1)Before and after the tourism development,the local residents all perceived six kinds of landscape values:agricultural production value,place identity value,ecological value,economic value,recreational value and living security value,but the proportion of each landscape value has changed.The development of tourism brings about great changes in the value of the local landscape perceived by the residents.Before the development of tourism,agricultural production value and place identity value are main landscape values.However,ecological value and living security value are main landscape values after the development of tourism.Overall,tourism development has changed the local industrial structure,improved the environment,the economy and people’s livelihood.(2)Before and after tourism development,the spatial distribution of the overall landscape value changed from dual-core spatial structure to single-core spatial structure.The spatial distribution of landscape value shows the tendency of concentration.Qinglong Temple and its surroundings are the important carrying area of landscape value.However,the spatial distribution of agricultural production value and place identity value has obviously shrunk.The spatial distribution of ecological value and living security value has obviously expanded.The spatial distribution of economic value and recreational value did not change significantly,but the degree of concentration was strengthened.Overall,after tourism development,the residents’ local identity of the Qionghai Wetland declined and the traditional local spiritual connection was weakened.(3)Before and after tourism development,the changes of landscape value can be divided into three categories:added landscape value,agricultural production value change and place identity value change.The added landscape value mainly distributes around the Qionghai and its high value area is mostly located in the southeast corner,that is,around Qinglong Temple and Hetao village.The spatial distribution of the agricultural production value change is fragmentary.The high value areas are mainly located in Mengxunhuahai wetland,Guanniaodao wetland and Menglishuixiang wetland.The spatial distribution of place identity value change is scattered and the high value area is mainly distributed in Qinglong Temple and its vicinity.Tourism development has changed the traditional land use type,and impacted people’s inherent concept.It changes the landscape value of the land,and at the same time endows it with new landscape value.(4)In the corresponding relationship between the landscape value change and Production-Living-Ecological space change,it was found that the change types of agricultural production—living security value,place identity—living security value,added economic value and added living security value corresponded to the change type of production—living space.The change types of agricultural production—economic value,agricultural production—ecological value,place identity—ecological value,added ecological value and added recreational value correspond to the changes type of production—ecological space.It shows that the change of traditional agricultural production space leads to the change of industrial structure,ecological environment and life style,and that is the main driving factor of landscape value change.In the corresponding relationship between the landscape value change and the negative perception,the place identity—ecological value,added economic value and added living security value correspond to the inconvenience of daily life.The agricultural production—living security value corresponds to the poor economy,and the agricultural production-ecological value corresponds to the poor living security.The added recreational value and added ecological value correspond to the poor ecological environment.It explains that the changes in landscape caused by wetland protection and tourism development have a certain impact on the daily life of community residents.The transformation of agriculture into tourism service industry has caused differences in economic income.Tourism activities have already caused environmental problems,which is against the goals of ecological conservation. |
