Research On The Influence Of Multi-dimensional Building Space Form On Surface Thermal Environment From The Perspective Of Urban Functional Zoning

It is important to conduct research on the influence of building spatial morphological characteristics on urban surface thermal environment,which is important implications for urban construction and planning management for urban thermal environment improvement.In this study,the central city of Shanghai is selected as the research area,and based on different functional zones of the city,firstly,Landsat image data are selected,and the surface temperature inversion is performed by using remote sensing image processing software ENVI,and by combining with GIS technology the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of the surface thermal environment are analyzed;subsequently,by combining with the building vector data of Shanghai,the Arc GIS spatial statistics and landscape index are used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the building pattern characteristics in different functional zones.Finally,we use the Boosting regression tree models(BRT)model to analyzed the relationship between the two and the specific mechanisms of their effects in different functional areas.The results of the study reveal the main building indicators affecting the surface thermal environment in different types of urban functional areas,as well as their specific modes of action and thresholds.The main research findings are as follows.(1)The high-temperature zones in Shanghai are mainly located in Puxi,which includes several commercial centers in Puxi,as well as in the commercial area near Lujiazui in Pudong and within several typical industrial zones on the periphery.The average surface temperature is highest in the industrial areas,followed by the commercial areas;the average surface temperature and the different classes temperature composition are similar in the public service areas and residential areas.(2)Building fragmentation and complexity are higher in Puxi than in Pudong,Shanghai.Within the Inner Ring Road,the two-dimensional morphological characteristics of buildings,such as building coverage and patch density,have higher values;while between the Inner Ring Road and the Outer Ring Road,the threedimensional indicators of buildings,especially height indicators,have higher values than other indicators,however the circle around the Outer Ring Road has significantly higher values of average building footprint and building coverage due to the distribution of more industrial areas.Among the building indicators,the height and volume of buildings show high values in commercial areas,while the building complexity index(LSI)shows the highest value in residential areas,followed by public service areas.(3)Building coverage ratio(BCR)is the most important factor affecting the surface thermal environment at both the overall scale and the functional area scale.In addition,in residential areas,the proportion of high-rise and mid-rise buildings can be increased,the volume ratio can be controlled below 5 while reducing building fragmentation,and the complexity of buildings can be controlled so that the building shape index(LSI)is less than 4,which in turn can mitigate the rise of surface temperature.In commercial areas,the surface temperature can be controlled by controlling the building shape index around 1,while controlling the building volume ratio between 0.3 and 0.4 while increasing the average building height standard deviation to between 20 and 50 m.For industrial areas,the mean building footprint area MAPA has the largest positive effect influence due to the weak correlation between height index and LST,which can be controlled around 1000 ? according to the results.The building volume ratio in the public service area is controlled within0.2 as much as possible,while the average building height is increased appropriately within the regulations and the standard deviation of the average building height can be increased to 30 m or even higher to reduce the surface temperature.The results of these studies show that at the planning and management unit scale,different urban land use types have different perceptions of the impact on the urban thermal environment,and that precise policies can be applied to improve the urban thermal environment by classifying and adjusting the building indexes in each functional area,thus achieving healthy and sustainable urban development.