Analysis And Design Of A Quantum Price Negotiation Protocol With Privacy Preservation

Electronic price negotiation is an important link in electronic trade,in the process of negotiation,the interests of both sides will reach a balance,so as to form a protocol acceptable to each other.With the development of quantum computing,some traditional electronic negotiation protocols based on computational complexity are facing serious security problems under the condition of quantum computing,therefore,how to design electronic negotiation protocols that can resist quantum computing on this basis is particularly important.At present,the research on quantum price negotiation protocol is still in its infancy,the security system is not perfect,and the research results are few,this paper mainly studies the quantum price negotiation protocol with privacy protection function,and proposes two new protocols.The details are as follows:(1)Based on a class of d dimensional quantum entangled states,a one-way quantum price negotiation(OQPN)protocol with privacy protection is proposed.In this protocol,the buyer and the seller share a security parameter(SP)module using entangled state,and send the encrypted result to the seller combined with a new encoding method.After the seller carries out the corresponding operation,the buyer can judge which commodity’s purchase price is higher than or equal to the seller’s sale price by publishing the changed micro module.Security analysis shows that the protocol can resist a variety of outside attacks,such as Trojan attacks,intercept-resend attacks and so on.(2)A novel multi-party quantum price negotiation(MQPN)protocol based on single photon and Fourier transform is proposed.In the protocol,in order not to reveal the secret information of the buyer and the seller,phase operation is used to encode their secret integers into the n-dimensional single photons phase.With the help of a semi-honest third party(TP),a seller can trade with the highest bidder for a commodity.Security analysis shows that the protocol can effectively resist outside attacks and dishonest participation(including TP)attacks.Compared with the other QPN protocols,this protocol has better practicability.