| With the increasing incidence of autism year by year,the scale of people with autism is becoming larger and larger.All aspects of developmental disorders lead to some behavioral characteristics of autistic children that are different from ordinary children.Therefore,although the living environment of autistic children in the context of integrated education is similar to that of ordinary people,their life experience is different from that of ordinary people.Through the existing research,we can understand the general appearance of their living conditions,but lack of detail and depth,and lack of children’s perspective.Exploring the life experience and significance of preschool autistic children,that is,understanding their feelings and the way to perceive and understand the world,is of great significance for understanding their life world,respecting their life value,exploring effective support in the integrated environment and making them have a good living space.This study takes close observation and open-ended interview as the main research methods.Four preschool autistic children were observed and interviewed with their parents,teachers and peers.Four observation and interview data were obtained.Through the theme analysis method,three themes of life experience of preschool autistic children are obtained:Theme 1: "I’m not immersed in my own world.In fact,I’m sensitive"Preschool autistic children are sensitive to humanistic and educational factors in the environment.On the one hand,they can perceive the emotions and attitudes of teachers,parents,peers and other stakeholders（important others）.Their attitudes and the acceptance of integration environment affect the psychological comfort and pleasure of preschool autistic children;On the other hand,preschool autistic children can pay attention to the educational information such as language,social scene and action mode in the environment,and store it in the brain in a fragmented way.However,effective application is a problem they face.They may not use it,but a large amount of relevant information is stored in the brain.Theme 2: "not a child from the stars,I am a doll on earth"For the world of life,preschool autistic children have a unique way of experience,but often do not comply with the general social rules,so they often gain unrecognized psychological experience.Preschool autistic children cling to the things they are interested in and dare not go out of the comfort circle because they have too many frustrating experiences in life and lack a sense of security and self-confidence in the face of new things.Moreover,too many frustrations make it difficult for them to have a correct self-evaluation,tend to hide their self defects,and gradually develop a self defeating psychology,manifested in withdrawal and repetitive behavior,which is considered to be rigid and narrow interests.In addition,when doing what they are good at,simple and repetitive things and venting themselves,preschool autistic children have more sense of certainty and can get a comfortable and pleasant feeling.Theme 3: "it’s not that I don’t want to make friends.I have a common problem with Virgo babies: high requirements"Preschool autistic children will pay attention to parents,teachers,peers,etc.In addition,when talking about familiar topics of interest or facing close people,they will have a certain willingness to interact.In the process of interacting with people,preschool autistic children will choose people who can fully understand them and provide help as dependent objects.Once an interactive relationship is established,they will have a high degree of attachment,frequently find fixed people to interact in a fixed way,showing a single line of social interaction,which is manifested in a single mode and procedural.It is difficult to carry out complex communication with multiple clues according to the interactive situation.Based on the above research results,this study explores the essence of life experience of preschool autistic children: first,it is often difficult to meet the benign psychological needs such as a sense of achievement and self-esteem,and it is difficult to realize their self-worth.Second,there are strong social emotional needs and social participation needs in the process of communicating with others.Third,the unique behavior has both situational rationality and cultural discomfort.Fourth,people from all sides in the environment affect their life experience from different aspects.Finally,this study tries to put forward relevant suggestions to the caregivers,educators and the public of autistic children,expecting them to try to enter the life of preschool autistic children from different perspectives,experience the feelings,wishes,puzzles and responses of these new developing individuals,enrich people’s cognition of life diversity,and create a good social environment for the growth of autistic children. |
