Research On The Characteristics Of Competition Speed Rhythm Of Different Level Male Marathon Athletes

To explore the differences in the speed and rhythm characteristics of male marathon runners of different levels.Firstly,through the comparative analysis of the full and segmental speed and rhythm characteristics of male marathon runners of different levels,to analyze the speed and rhythm patterns of athletes,to obtain the speed and rhythm patterns and rhythm strategy choices of high-level athletes;Correlation analysis of the total performance,to obtain key information that plays an important role in sports performance,and to provide tactical and strategic guidance for athletes’ training and competition;again,by comparing the speed and rhythm characteristics of Chinese and foreign marathon runners,to obtain the difference in the speed and rhythm performance of marathon runners in my country;Then build a time-speed reference model for marathon runners of different levels;finally discuss and analyze the relationship between the speed rhythm of marathon events and sports performance,and reveal the "best speed Rhythm Patterns" that is conducive to maximizing the potential of athletes and conforms to kinematics,dynamics and physiology,which provides theoretical guidance for athletes and coaches to formulate and select reasonable rhythm strategies in training and competition.The race time（RT）and split time（ST）of a total of 681 runners in each category of men’s marathon were listed as research objects.After the analysis and discussion of research methods such as literature data method,mathematical statistics method,video analysis method and case analysis method.Concluded as follow:1.The physiological function and energy metabolism level of marathon runners are the fundamental factors that affect the athletes’ competitive performance,and are the fundamental reasons for the differences in the speed and rhythm of the athletes’ competition.Speed rhythm is closely related to athletes’ competitive performance.Correct speed and rhythm strategies play an important role in optimizing athletes’ competitive performance and promoting athletes to create excellent sports performance.2.At present,the speed and rhythm strategies generally selected and adopted by marathon athletes of different levels at home and abroad mainly include: relatively uniform,fluctuating（“M” and “И”）and active rhythm strategies.With the improvement of athletes’ competitive level,relatively uniform rhythm strategy is a common choice for high-level athletes,and this feature is particularly prominent in the performance rhythm mode.3.The higher the level of competition,the smaller the variation of the speed and rhythm of the marathon runner,and the closer to the uniform rhythm,and the greater the variation of the speed and rhythm.In terms of starting speed,peak speed and sprint speed,which reflect the speed ability of athletes,the athletes with high competitive level are stronger than those with low level.The variation coefficient relative to the average speed of the whole process increases gradually with the decrease of the competitive level.4.The segmental performance of marathon runners of different levels has a consistent correlation with the total performance: the performance of the middle and back（20-40km）athletes is more closely related to the total performance than the front（5-20km）.The performance of the middle and late stages has a higher contribution rate to the overall performance,which is the key distance for athletes of different levels to widen the gap.5.Compared with the "M" speed rhythm pattern presented by excellent foreign marathon runners,that is: smooth start,uniform acceleration in the front,acceleration in the middle,slight deceleration in the back,no obvious sprint at the end,and small fluctuations in the whole speed.Chinese athletes show a "И"-type speed rhythm pattern that is significantly different from foreign elite athletes,namely: fast start,weak ability to maintain speed in the front and weak ability to increase speed in the middle,continuous slow down in the back,and large fluctuations in speed throughout the whole process.Specifically,there is a certain gap with foreign elite athletes in various speed ability indicators such as average speed,peak speed,starting speed,speed change ability and speed endurance.