Risk Decision And Perceptual Anticipation Of Goalkeepers At Different Levels Under Gain-loss ——Evidence From FNIRS

The purpose of this study is to :（1）explore the cognitive neural features of expert advantage in perceptual prediction based on prior information;（2）Understand the behavior rules of risk preference of goalkeepers under the situation of gain and loss;（3）To explore the change of goalkeeper’s perceptual prediction ability and its related cognitive neural characteristics under the situation of gain and loss.Therefore,two experiments were conducted to analyze the risk decision and perceptual prediction of goalkeepers in win-loss situations.In experiment 1,video blocking technology was used to present the judgment materials,and functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to record brain activity.A single-factor experimental design was used to explore the differences in brain activity between high-level and novice goalkeepers in perceptual prediction based on prior probability information,and to identify the brain regions associated with expert advantage of high-level goalkeepers.In experiment 2,a two-factor mixed experimental design was used to study the risk preference of goalkeepers when making decisions based on prior information under the situation of gain and loss,and the influence of contextual information on goalkeepers’ perceptual prediction performance,and to explore the neural mechanism of the influence of contextual information on goalkeepers’ perceptual prediction performance.Thirty-two participants participated in the study,including 16 national second-level athletes and 16 amateur soccer players.The experimental materials were presented by e-Prime 3.0,and the experimental data and near-infrared data were recorded.The results showed that :（1）in experiment 1,the perceptual prediction accuracy of expert goalkeepers was significantly higher than that of novice goalkeepers,and the reaction time of novice goalkeepers was higher than that of expert goalkeepers,but there was no significant difference;Compared with the novice group,the expert group goalkeepers showed stronger activation in the right angular gyrus and weaker activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during perceptual prediction.（2）The risk preferences of goalkeepers in the gain and loss situation are significantly different.Goalkeepers prefer low-risk and low-return tasks in the loss situation,while expert goalkeepers prefer high-risk and high-return tasks in the gain situation.（3）In the loss scenario,novice goalie’s perceptual prediction ability was significantly improved,and activation of the right angular gyrus and visual liaison cortex was significantly enhanced.Conclusion: Expert goalkeepers have expert advantage when they make perceptual prediction based on prior information,and the dominant brain regions are right angular gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal lobe.Expert goalkeepers lost the advantage of perceptual prediction in the gain and loss situation,and the loss situation can improve the perceptual prediction performance of novice goalkeepers.This was associated with changes in activation levels in the right angular gyrus and visual contact cortex.Goalkeepers tend to have a low risk bias in loss situation.There is a high consistency between goalkeeper’s guess and actual judgment.