A Study Of The Impact Of Social Insurance On Working Poverty Among Migrants

With the perfect conclusion of the 13 th Five-Year Plan,China has made many remarkable achievements.Among them,at the level of poverty eradication,55.75 million rural poor people have been completely lifted out of poverty;at the level of social security,the world’s largest social security system has been built,with more than 1.3 billion people covered by basic medical insurance and nearly one billion people covered by basic pension insurance.This shows that the problem of absolute poverty in China has become a thing of the past,and China in the new era is about to face the challenge of comprehensively solving the problem of relative poverty.The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC Central Committee further clarified the main goals for the 14 th Five-Year Plan period: "Consolidating and expanding the results of poverty eradication,reaching a new level of people’s well-being,improving the multi-level social security system,and perfecting the health system." The data of the seventh census shows that in 2020,China’s mobile population will total 376 million,accounting for 26.6% of the national population.The migrant population,mainly migrant workers and college students,is prone to a new type of urban poverty-working poverty-because of its rural nature or the lack of accumulated social resources but must face the pressure of urban life.As a core component of China’s social security system,whether the social insurance system helps to meet the challenges of the new type of poverty and becomes a powerful grip for the long-term management of relative poverty in the future.Therefore,it is of high theoretical value and practical significance to explore the impact of the social insurance system on working poverty among urban migrants.This paper uses data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey（CMDS）in 2016.I define working poverty on the basis of combining two indicators of work and relative poverty and identify the working poor according to the level of economic development in each province.On this basis,I establish a Probit model to systematically assess the impact of social insurance on working poverty,conduct corresponding robustness tests,heterogeneity analysis of age,region and industry,mechanism analysis and further analysis of the poverty reduction effects including various types of social insurance,social insurance levels and "five insurance and one fund".The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first,the temporal trend of working poverty incidence generally shows a fluctuating upward trend.The incidence of working poverty varies significantly across provinces,and the size of the working poverty line is not proportional to the incidence of working poverty;second,having social insurance coverage can significantly reduce the probability of working poverty among the mobile population.Mechanistically,social insurance coverage can significantly improve employee efficiency and thus reduce the incidence of working poverty,but the increase in labor supply is not significant.Third,there is some heterogeneity in the effect of social insurance system on reducing working poverty in terms of age,region,and industry of work.Fourth,pension,unemployment,work injury,and medical insurance all contribute to reducing the incidence of working poverty among the mobile population,but maternity insurance does not have a significant effect on poverty reduction.Fifth,there is gender heterogeneity in work injury and maternity insurance.The findings of this paper can provide policy implications for new types of poverty.Taking into account the current situation of poverty in China and the experience of working poverty in developed countries,this paper suggests that universities and governments should make efforts in both theory and practice to cooperate and further explore the best governance path for working poverty.This paper argues that national attention should focus on the following aspects: constructing a scientific and reasonable relative poverty measurement system;continuously improving the existing social insurance system;carrying out multidimensional governance of working poverty;and improving the universality,application and universality of various types of social insurance.