Spatial Distribution Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Traditional Villages In Shaanxi Province

As the historical witness and inheritance carrier of agricultural culture,traditional villages contain the production and life wisdom and cultural and artistic crystallization of the Chinese nation.However,with China’s modernization drive,the urbanization rate of population and the urbanization rate of land have been greatly improved,while the rural villages in China,as the places of population loss,are gradually declining.As a country with profound traditional agricultural civilization accumulation,the declining farming culture urgently needs to be effectively protected and inherited.It is very important to protect these traditional villages with profound farming culture and regional characteristics while ensuring the development of rural economy and improving rural living environment and avoiding homogeneous transformation.However,the existing research on the protection and development of traditional villages focuses on explaining the causal relationship between traditional villages and the environment.Methodologically,there is still a lack of research that combines quantitative methods such as mathematical statistics and geographic information system.Scholars represented by architecture only study traditional villages from the perspective of "protection of buildings in Traditional Villages",and their research perspective on traditional villages is not comprehensive and macroscopic.Shaanxi traditional villages are very representative.Because of its profound cultural deposits,unique economic location and representative natural climate characteristics.It is also faced with the loss of rural population and the decline of farming culture,as well as the impact of modern consumer culture such as the expansion of urban land and the invasion of tourism industry.This study takes traditional villages in Shaanxi Province as the research object.Through the analysis of the difference and identity of the spatial distribution of traditional villages in different spatial scales,the dominant factors affecting the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Shaanxi were quantitatively identified,so as to reveal the driving and controlling factors of the spatial differentiation and its action mechanism,and to understand its geographical capital characteristics.Based on this analysis of its adaptive strategies in the new era,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The overall spatial distribution pattern of traditional villages is "concentrated in the east and scattered in the central and western regions".In terms of spatial distribution equilibrium,the distribution of traditional villages in cities and counties is not balanced,but the equilibrium in cities is higher than that in counties.It also shows a high spatial correlation with the waters of Yellow River,Weihe River and Han River.(2)Factors affecting the county differentiation of traditional villages in Shaanxi Province include altitude,slope,distance to water source and other natural geographical factors,as well as social and economic factors such as regional GDP,employment rate of secondary and tertiary industries,commonly used arable land,and road network density.According to the explanatory power measurement results of each factor,the regional average slope,regional average altitude,the employment rate of secondary and tertiary industries,and road network density are the leading factors of the county differentiation of traditional villages in Shaanxi Province,among which the regional average slope and other natural geographical factors have the most significant explanatory power.And,road network density has the highest explanatory power among socio-economic factors.The research conclusion shows that the preservation of traditional villages is closely related to the natural ecological conditions in the region,so the protection of traditional villages should pay attention to the protection of the ecological system of traditional villages.At the same time,in order to better develop traditional villages and enhance their spatial suitability,it is necessary to build a network development platform,focusing on optimizing the regional traffic network,so as to enhance the overall relevance of traditional villages in the whole region.