| According to the theory of time discount family,individuals should have the same preference for the same options,and the options they choose should have the same identity.However,more and more studies have found that the time discount rate of individuals changes with time instead constant when they are faced with the same choice.At the same time,the inter-temporal selection preference of individuals will also be affected by a variety of factors,such as psychological distance,profit and loss situation.In the case of a long psychological distance,the content associated with a high level of explanation will be given a higher weight,which will have a certain impact on the inter-temporal selection preference of individuals.The subjects in the loss situation are more concerned about their own interests and tend to prefer the timely option.However,in previous studies,there is no coincident conclusion on whether the influence of time distance and space distance on intertemporal selection can be homogenized,and there is no research on whether the time factor and the amount of money factor in inter-temporal selection can work at the same time.Besides,the division of profit and loss scenarios is too simple.Therefore this study from the perspective of theory of stochastic dynamic model,combined with the construal level theory explored the influence of different psychological distance on individual intertemporal choice,and further subdivided the profit and loss situation.And two experiments was designed to explore whether the time distance and spatial distance influence on high school students across the period preference are homogeneous,and whether the time and money amount factors interaction in individual intertemporal choice preference,and how they function in different situations.In study 1,the two-factor mixed experiment,2(type of profit and loss: loss and gain)x 2(time distance: long and short),was adopted to explore the influence of profit and loss situation and different time distance on the inter-temporal choice behavior of high school students,and the consideration of time factor and amount factor of money in the decisionmaking process of the subjects.The type of profit and loss was the internal variable of the subjects,and the time distance was the variable between the subjects.The dependent variable was the choice of SS and LL and the difference of time attribute and money attribute in the intertemporal selection task.The results shown that in the loss situation,the subjects preferred SS option,and no matter how the other independent variables changed,the choice preference of the subjects could not be affected.In the benefit scenario,no matter how the time distance changed,there was no significant difference in the subjects’ preference for SS options.However,the number of subjects who chose LL option in the near time distance condition was significantly higher than that in the SS option,and the difference was not significant in the long time distance condition.At the same time,the differences of various attributes in inter-temporal selection were compared and it was found that under the benefit scenario,the subjects who chose SS option thought the difference of time attribute was significantly higher than the difference of money quantity attribute,while the subjects who chose LL option thought the difference of money quantity attribute was greater.In the loss situation,the SS option was selected and the attribute of the amount of money was considered to be more different.In study 2,two-factor mixed experiment design,(type of profit and loss: loss,gain)x2(space distance: far,near),was adopted to explore the effect of profit and loss situation and different space distance on the intertemporal selection preference of high school students and verify whether the time factor and the amount of money factor interact on individual behavior.The situation of profit and loss was an internal variable,and the spatial distance was an inter-subject variable.The dependent variable was the choice of SS and LL and the score of the importance of each attribute in the intertemporal selection task.The results showed that the results in the loss situation were the same as those in study 1,and most of the results in the benefit situation were the same as those in study 1.However,in the benefit situation,the number of subjects choosing LL option was significantly higher than that of SS option under the condition of long spatial distance.In study 2,through discussing the intertemporal choice of time and money quantity attribute influence on intertemporal choice preference further,we found that under the condition of loss,regardless of the space distance,there were no significant difference between the subject who chosen SS option and LL option on the importance that attached on time or money value,but neither LL option subjects or SS option subjects,the importance attached on time or money value are higher than the lowest scale;Under the condition of benefits,no matter how far the space is,the subjects who choose the SS option attach more importance to the time factor than the subjects who choose the LL option,but there was not significant.The subjects who chose the LL option attached more importance to the attribute of the amount of money than the subjects who chose the SS option.At the same time,the subjects who chose the SS option regardless of the spatial distance all attached more importance to the time factor than the money quantity factor significantly,while the subjects who chose the LL option only considered the money quantity factor significantly more important than the time factor under the condition of the near spatial distance,and there was no significant difference under the condition of the far spatial distance.Through the above experimental research,the following research conclusions can be drawn:(1)In the loss situation,no matter the distance between time and space,high school students preferred SS option;(2)In the benefit situation,high school students with near and far spatial distance and near time distance all preferred LL option,but there was no significant difference in the preference between SS option and LL option in the long time distance.(3)Under the condition of gain,the high school students who chose SS option significantly considered the difference of time attribute to be larger and more important,while the high school students who chose LL option significantly considered the difference of money quantity attribute to be larger and more important,and the opposite was true under the condition of loss.(4)The influence of psychological distance on the intertemporal choice of high school students supported the theory of explanatory level and the theory of random dynamic model.(5)Time distance and space distance had different influences on the intertemporal choice of high school students,and they were not homogeneous. |
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