| Background:Learning and memory is one of the higher functions of the brain and an important index to evaluate the overall development of the nervous system.Maintaining a certain level of neurotransmitters in the brain enables normal learning and memory functions.Monoamine neurotransmitters are information transmitters closely related to learning and memory in the body,mainly including norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and they are in dynamic balance through mutual restriction.Decrease of monoamine neurotransmitters can affect the normal transmission of neurotransmitters between synapses,thus impair learning and memory function.Studies have shown that exercise and enriched environment have significant effects on learning and memory and monoamine neurotransmitters in rats,respectively.Compared with single intervention,multi-means combined intervention is more effective in improving learning and memory in rats,but there is still a lack of comprehensive scientific evidence to support this view,and the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear.Objective:To explore the effects of treadmill exercise,environment enrichment,and treadmill exercise combined with environment enrichment on learning and memory ability of Wistar rats,and to further explore the relationship between treadmill exercise combined with environment enrichment intervention,hippocampal monoamine neurotransmitters and learning and memory ability,and to reveal the influence mechanism through the level of hippocampal monoamine neurotransmitters.Research methods:Forty SPF 6-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(N=10)after adaptive feeding for one week:control group(C),treadmill exercise group(TE),enriched environment group(EE),and treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment group(TE+EE).C group was fed normally;TE group received moderate load platform running exercise intervention;EE group received enriched environmental intervention;The TE+EE group received moderate load platform running exercise and environmental enrichment intervention for 8 weeks.Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of rats in each group.Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)was used to detect the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters NE,DA and 5-HT.Results:The results obtained showed that(1)In the positioning navigation experiment,it was found that as the number of days of study and training increased,the escape latency of rats in each group showed a downward trend(P<0.01);In the space exploration experiment of rats,it was found that compared with the control group,the number of times that the treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment group,the treadmill exercise group,and the enriched environment group crossed the platform significantly increased(P<0.001).The number of times that the rats in the treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment group crossed the platform was significantly higher than that of the treadmill exercise group and the enriched environment group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the treadmill exercise group and the enriched environment group.(2)In the measurement results of monoamine neurotransmitter levels,it was found that compared with the control group,the NE level of the rats in the treadmill exercise group,the enriched environment group and the treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment group was significantly increased(P<0.05);the NE level of the treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment group was significantly higher than that of the treadmill exercise group and the enriched environment group(P<0.001);compared with the enriched environment group,the NE level of the treadmill exercise group was higher,and there was no statistically significant difference;Compared with the control group,the DA level of rats in the treadmill exercise group,the enriched environment group and the treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment group increased significantly(P<0.001);the DA level of the treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment group was significantly higher than that of the treadmill exercise group and enriched environment group(P<0.05);Compared with the enriched environment group,the DA level of the treadmill exercise group increased,and there was no statistically significant difference;Compared with the control group,the 5-HT levels of rats in the treadmill exercise group,the enriched environment group and the treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment group increased significantly(P<0.001);The level of 5-HT in treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment group was significantly higher than that in treadmill exercise and enriched environment group(P<0.05);compared with the enriched environment group,the 5-HT level of the treadmill exercise group was higher,and there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusion:After 8 weeks of intervention study,it was found that treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment had a positive effect on learning and memory and monoamine neurotransmitters in hippocampus of rats,and the intervention effect was the best.Treadmill exercise combined with enriched environment may improve the ability of learning and memory by regulating the release of neurotransmitters in rats. |
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