Research Of Methods For Evaluating The Specialized Aerobic Capacity Of Young Speed Skaters

Purpose:This study aims to explore and develop an on-ice test method suitable for adolescent speed skaters’specialized aerobic capacity,and to provide a new method for adolescent speed skaters’selection and training monitoring.Methods:This study takes young speed skaters from Heilongjiang provincial team,Hebei provincial team,Jiamusi,Jixi,Daxinganling,Mudanjiang and other city teams,and Jilin sports school as the research object,with a total of 65 people（51 men,14 women;12 masters,12 first-class,41 second-class）.Through the interview method,according to the principle of increasing load test,the site condition and technical action of speed skating,the test scheme of aerobic capacity on-ice is designed.The subjects were asked to wear gas metabolism analyzer to carry out laboratory power bicycle test and on ice incremental skating test（hereinafter referred to as OIST）,both of which were direct measurement methods.16 people were randomly selected to test oist without gas metabolism analyzer.The test results were tested by paired sample t-test,difference test,Pearson correlation analysis,etc.A simple method for estimating the maximum oxygen uptake on-ice and a simple method for predicting the results of speed skating in 1500m and 5000m are established by means of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis.Results:（1）the experiment of increasing load skating on ice（oist）is designed.The test site is the official race lane.Athletes use the same technical action as the race to slide,and adopts the scheme of increasing load continuously.The preparatory stage speed is 50s/circle with high-posture.The first level sets different starting speed according to the athletes’level.Every two laps is a level,and the single lap time of each level is reduced by 1 s.The reliability of this method is good,and the difference between the two test results is not statistically significant.Taking the laboratory results as the criterion,the correlation analysis results between the test results and the laboratory test results are as follows:the absolute value of the maximum oxygen uptake is 0.845,the relative value of the maximum oxygen uptake is 0785,the maximum heart rate is 0.671,the absolute value of the anaerobic threshold is 0.733,the relative value of the anaerobic threshold is 0.663,the percentage of the anaerobic threshold is 0.148,and the anaerobic threshold is 0.663,The threshold heart rate was0.443,except for the percentage of anaerobic threshold,the correlation was very significant（P<0.01）.Taking the performance as the criterion,the results of laboratory and oist had a good correlation with the performance,among which the actual average speed 2 had a high correlation coefficient with the performance,r=0.735 with the performance of 1500m,r=0.735 with the performance of 3000m Performance r=0.786,and performance r=0.847 for 5000 meters,both of which were very significant（P<0.01）;In the difference comparison,except for the maximum heart rate（P>0.05）,there was statistical significance.The difference is due to the skater’s low postures,and the difference indicates that OIST is more specialized than laboratory method.The discrimination validity of oist was tested according to gender and exercise level,and it was found that there were significant differences in the maximum oxygen uptake,the maximum heart rate,the maximum oxygen uptake intensity and the anaerobic threshold between genders（P<0.05）,with statistical significance;in the group according to exercise level,the maximum oxygen uptake The maximum oxygen uptake intensity,anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold intensity speed showed significant difference between exercise levels（P<0.05）,which was statistically significant;（2）correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out between the skating parameters on ice（number of turns,total time,actual average speed of each turn,etc.）and the VO₂max absolute value measured by oist,and it was found that the absolute value of maximum oxygen uptake on ice was related to the rated average speed According to the regression equation,the absolute value of VO₂max on-ice=0.037×height（CM）-0.097×actual average speed 2（s）+0.049×bmi-0.396,R²=0.636;（3）the correlation and regression analysis were made between the results of the two test methods and the results of male athletes in 1500m and 5000m The rated average speed and the actual average speed have a high correlation with the performance,and have a good regression equation.The results of 1500m（s）=15.946+3.402×actual average speed 2（s）-1.119×BMI,R²=0.588;the results of 5000m（s）=17.541×rated average speed 2（s）-3.424×bmi-133.288,R²=0.747.conclusions:（1）the design of the special aerobic capacity test of adolescent speed skaters has completed,named as OIST,and its scientificity and feasibility have been verified through the test of retest reliability,criterion validity and discrimination validity;（2）through multiple stepwise regression and back generation test,using the data of skating on the ice,A simple method has been established for estimating the absolute value of the maximum oxygen uptake of male adolescent speed skaters on the ice;（3）a simple method for predicting the 1500m and 5000m results of male adolescent speed skaters is established by means of multiple stepwise regression and back generation test.