Effect Of Having A Second Child On Female’s Employment And Countermeasures

Since the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy,the birth rate has not risen but declined.At the micro level,the main manifestation is that families are hesitant to make decisions about the second child.In addition to economic factors,the impact of having a second child on the employment environment for women is also an important reason for the coldness of the second-child policy.Under the background of the two-child policy,what new changes will happen to the employment of women with two children? Will women giving birth to a second child intensify their own employment discrimination? Based on this,the research on the related effects and countermeasures of two-child birth on women’s employment under the background of the comprehensive two-child policy is launched.The thesis takes women’s decision to give birth to the second child as the core research question,focusing on the conflict between the child-raising costs faced by women who have completed their first childbirth and the development of women’s individual human capital during the employment process.First of all,it introduces the employment characteristics of women with two children.They are more difficult to balance work and family than women with one child,the scope of employment options is narrower than women with one child,the age to re-enter the job market is older,and the quality of employment is lower.There has been a decline in women with one child;secondly,the factors affecting the employment of women with two children have been screened from the four aspects of women’s personal characteristics,family characteristics,employment characteristics and child characteristics,and relevant research hypotheses on the employment of women with two children have been proposed.;Finally,use the latest research data released by the Chinese Family Tracking Survey for empirical testing.The study found that having a second child has a negative impact on women’s employment,which significantly reduces the probability of women’s labor participation by55%;the age of children is positively correlated with the working hours of women who have a second child at a significant level of 1%.The greater the value,the smaller the impact on women’s working hours;the personal health of women with two children will also have a significant impact on women’s job satisfaction at a significant level of 1%;in addition,the family’s economic level and market provide The job support can significantly promote the employment of two-child women.Based on this,we can advocate a reasonable division of labor between men and women to provide women with more family support;increase public childcare services,improve child care mechanisms,and establish a social support system to deal with work-family conflicts;at the same time,it is necessary to strengthen the support of women with two children.Health protection,measures to encourage women who have a second child to participate in targeted employment training and other aspects to provide more protection for the labor rights of women who have a second child.